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Anesth Analg 2005;100:404-408
© 2005 International Anesthesia Research Society
doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000142423.87593.CE

ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY

Large Concentrations of Nitrous Oxide Decrease the Isoflurane Minimum Alveolar Concentration Sparing Effect of Morphine in the Rat

Martín Santos, DVM, PhD*{dagger}, Viviana Kuncar, DVM*, Fernando Martínez-Taboada, DVM*, and Francisco J. Tendillo, DVM, PhD, DipECVA*{dagger}

*Department of Experimental Surgery, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro; and {dagger}Department of Anesthesiology, Complutense University Veterinary School, Madrid, Spain

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Francisco J. Tendillo, DVM, PhD, DipECVA, Servicio de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, San Martín de Porres 4, 28035 Madrid, Spain. Address e-mail to ftendillo.hpth{at}salud.madrid.org.

Many adjuvant drugs have demonstrated anesthetic-sparing properties when combined with volatile anesthetics. Nitrous oxide is combined with volatile anesthetics to reduce the concentrations of volatile anesthetics required to produce anesthesia. Analgesic doses of opioids clearly reduce the requirement for inhaled anesthetics in both human patients and experimental animals. We performed this study to determine whether the combination of nitrous oxide and morphine decreased isoflurane minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) even further in the rat. Fifty-eight female rats were used. The rats were divided into 8 groups: isoflurane in 4 possible nitrous oxide concentrations (0%, 30%, 50%, or 70%) with saline or morphine (1 mg/kg). Then the MAC of isoflurane (MACISO)was determined from alveolar gas samples at the time of tail clamp. The MAC of isoflurane was significantly different at each nitrous oxide concentration, and increasing nitrous oxide concentrations reduced anesthetic requirements for isoflurane. The administration of morphine reduced the MACISO when used with 0% or 30% nitrous oxide. This MACISO by morphine reduction was less with 50% nitrous oxide and nonexistent at 70% nitrous oxide. However, with morphine present the MACISO was independent of the nitrous oxide concentration in the 30%–70% range.




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C. Vahle-Hinz, O. Detsch, C. Hackner, and E. Kochs
Corresponding minimum alveolar concentrations of isoflurane and isoflurane/nitrous oxide have divergent effects on thalamic nociceptive signalling
Br. J. Anaesth., February 1, 2007; 98(2): 228 - 235.
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Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2005 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.