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ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY

Propofol Dose-Dependently Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor--Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Apoptosis: Effects on Bcl-2 and Bax Expression and Nitric Oxide Generation

Tao Luo, MD^*, Zhengyuan Xia, MD, PhD^*, David M. Ansley, MD, FRCP, Jingping Ouyang, MD, David J. Granville, PhD, Yinping Li, PhD, Zhong-Yuan Xia, MD^*, Qing-Shan Zhou, MD, PhD^*, and Xian-Yi Liu, MD^*

*Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University; Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; Centre for Anesthesia & Analgesia, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver; and The James Hogg iCAPTURE Centre for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Zhengyuan Xia, Centre for Anesthesia & Analgesia, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. Address e-mail to zhengyuan_xia{at}yahoo.com.

We investigated whether propofol can inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF)--induced apoptosis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Isolated HUVECs were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium supplemented with 20% bovine calf serum. HUVECs in untreated and propofol control groups were cultured at 37°C for 24.5 h. HUVECs in the TNF treatment groups were initially cultured for 30 min in the presence of TNF or various concentrations of propofol, respectively, which were then cultured for 24 h with the addition of TNF at 40 ng/mL in the medium. Apoptosis was detected using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and confirmed by electron microscopy. The antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and proapoptotic Bax protein expressions were measured by immunocytochemical analysis. TNF stimulation resulted in a reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio and increased apoptotic index (AI: percentage of apoptotic cells) in HUVECs. Propofol, at concentrations 12 µM, significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently attenuated TNF-induced increase in AI and decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio. This was accompanied by increases in nitric oxide production. There is an inverse correlation between the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression and AI (P = 0.0009). These results suggest that propofol, at clinical relevant concentrations, can reduce TNF-induced HUVEC apoptosis.

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Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999