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ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY

Antibacterial Activity of Clonidine and Neostigmine In Vitro

Emmanuel Boselli, MD^*, Marion Guillier, MD^*, Jean Freney, PharmD, PhD, Marie-Andrée Mazoyer, PharmD, Emmanuelle Casoli, PharmD, François R. N. Renaud, PhD, Thomas Rimmelé, MD^*, Dominique Chassard, MD, PhD^*, and Bernard Allaouchiche, MD, PhD^*

*Department of Anesthesiology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, and Laboratory of Microbiology, EA 3090, Lyon, France

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Emmanuel Boselli, Service d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 place d’Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France. Address e-mail to emmanuel.boselli{at}chu-lyon.fr.

We conducted an in vitro study to investigate the antibacterial activity of clonidine and neostigmine on common microorganisms encountered during infectious complications after regional anesthesia. Standardized suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli were incubated during 1, 3, 6, and 24 h at 37°C with concentrations of 37.5, 75, and 150 µg/mL of clonidine and 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL of neostigmine. After 24 h incubation at 37°C, the colony counts were compared by two-way analysis of variance. The mean colony counts for S. aureus decreased significantly from control as the exposure to clonidine increased (P < 0.05), with a 100% kill at 6 h for the largest concentration (150 µg/mL) and at 24 h for the intermediate concentration (75 µg/mL). Similar results were observed for S. epidermidis, with a 100% kill at 6 h for the largest concentrations (75 and 150 µg/mL). No bactericidal activity of clonidine was observed for E. coli and no bactericidal activity of neostigmine was observed for any of the tested strains. In the conditions of this experiment, clonidine, but not neostigmine, exhibited a concentration-dependent and time-dependent bactericidal activity in vitro on the microorganisms most frequently encountered in infectious complications after regional anesthesia.

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