JOURNAL HOME CME HOME THIS MONTH PAST ISSUES ETOC COLLECTIONS AUTHORS REVIEWERS EDITORIAL BOARD FEEDBACK RSS HELP
		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a colleague Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (14) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Win, N. N. Articles by Umino, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Win, N. N. Articles by Umino, M.

---

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA

The Different Effects of Intravenous Propofol and Midazolam Sedation on Hemodynamic and Heart Rate Variability

Ni Ni Win, MBBS^*, Haruhisa Fukayama, DDS, PhD, JBDA, IJBDA, Hikaru Kohase, DDS, PhD, JBDA, IJBDA^*, and Masahiro Umino, DDS, PhD, JBDA, IJBDA^*

*Section of Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; and Department of Dental Anesthesiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Ni Ni Win, MBBS, Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1–5–45, Yushima, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113–8549. Address e-mail to ninianph{at}tmd.ac.jp.

Heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP) changes have been reported during conscious sedation with propofol and midazolam. One potential mechanism to explain these changes is that propofol and midazolam affect HR and BP via changes in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. Two specific hypotheses were tested by HR variability analysis: 1) propofol induces predominance of parasympathetic activity, leading to decreased HR and BP, and 2) midazolam induces predominance of sympathetic activity, leading to increased HR and decreased BP. Thirty dental patients were included in a prospective, randomized study. HR, BP, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and entropy were monitored during the awake, sedation, and recovery periods and depth of sedation was assessed using the Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation score. Propofol induced a significant decrease in total power (503 ± 209 ms²/Hz versus 162 ± 92 ms²/Hz) and LF/HF ratio (2.5 ± 1.2 versus 1.0 ± 0.4), despite the absence of any change in HR during the sedation period compared with baseline. Midazolam decreased normalized HF (34 ± 10% versus 10 ± 4%) but did not significantly change LF/HF ratio (2.3 ± 1.1 versus 2.2 ± 1.4) and increased HR in the sedation period. Compared with baseline, propofol was associated with a significant increase in normalized HF in the recovery period (34 ± 11% versus 44 ± 12%) and a significant decrease in HR, whereas midazolam was associated with an increase in LF/HF ratio (2.3 ± 1.1 versus 3.7 ± 1.8) with no change in HR. These results indicated a dominant parasympathetic effect of propofol and a dominant sympathetic effect of midazolam in both periods. These results should be considered during conscious sedation, especially in patients at risk of cardiovascular complications.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. Fujii, H. Iranami, Y. Nakamura, and Y. Hatano Fentanyl Added to Propofol Anesthesia Elongates Sinus Node Recovery Time in Pediatric Patients with Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Anesth. Analg., February 1, 2009; 108(2): 456 - 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Unoki, M. J. Grap, C. N. Sessler, A. M. Best, P. Wetzel, A. Hamilton, K. G. Mellott, and C. L. Munro Autonomic Nervous System Function and Depth of Sedation in Adults Receiving Mechanical Ventilation Am. J. Crit. Care., January 1, 2009; 18(1): 42 - 51. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-C. P Arai, T. Ushida, T. Matsubara, K. Shimo, H. Ito, Y. Sato, Y. Wakao, and T. Komatsu The Influence of Acupressure at Extra 1 Acupuncture Point on the Spectral Entropy of the EEG and the LF/HF Ratio of Heart Rate Variability Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., September 30, 2008; (2008) nen061v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Luginbuhl, H. Ypparila-Wolters, M. Rufenacht, S. Petersen-Felix, and I. Korhonen Heart rate variability does not discriminate between different levels of haemodynamic responsiveness during surgical anaesthesia Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2007; 98(6): 728 - 736. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-C. P. Arai, M. Nakayama, N. Kato, Y. Wakao, H. Ito, and T. Komatsu The Effects of Jaw Thrust and the Lateral Position on Heart Rate Variability in Anesthetized Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Anesth. Analg., June 1, 2007; 104(6): 1352 - 1355. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Fujiwara, H. Ito, Y. Asakura, Y. Sato, K. Nishiwaki, and T. Komatsu Preoperative Ultra Short-Term Entropy Predicts Arterial Blood Pressure Fluctuation During the Induction of Anesthesia Anesth. Analg., April 1, 2007; 104(4): 853 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999