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ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY

The Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Emulsified Isoflurane in Rats

Jian-Xin Zhou, MD^*, Nan-Fu Luo, MB, Xiao-Min Liang, MD, and Jin Liu, MD

* Intensive Care Unit, Bejing Tiantan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Bejing, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Jin Liu, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China. Address e-mail to jianxinz{at}yeah.net.

Although direct IV injection of liquid volatile anesthetics is usually lethal, anesthesia using emulsified halothane and isoflurane without adverse effects has been safely induced in animals. We identified the safe concentration of emulsified volatile anesthetic preparations and determined the dose-response relationship of IV emulsified isoflurane and propofol in rats. Liquid/gas partition coefficients of desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane in 20% and 30% Intralipid were measured and used to calculate their saturated concentrations. Unsaturated emulsified isoflurane was prepared by adding liquid isoflurane to 30% Intralipid. The loss of forepaw righting reflex was taken as induction of anesthesia, and disappearance of electrocardiogram was taken as death. The median effective induction dose (ED₅₀) and median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of emulsified isoflurane were 0.072 and 0.216 mL/kg liquid isoflurane, respectively. The ED₅₀ and LD₅₀ of propofol were 5.89 mg/kg and 18.19 mg/kg, respectively. Time to return of forepaw righting reflex after injection of emulsified isoflurane (38 ± 18 s) was significantly shorter than with propofol (101 ± 62 s; P < 0.05). Anesthesia was successfully induced in rats by IV emulsified isoflurane with a comparable safety index and certain safety factor as propofol. Recovery of anesthesia after IV emulsified isoflurane was faster than with propofol.

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Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999