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CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA

Normothermic Beating Heart Surgery with Assistance of Miniaturized Bypass Systems: The Effects on Intraoperative Hemodynamics and Inflammatory Response

Steffen Rex, MD^*, Stefan Brose, MD, Sebastian Metzelder^*, Lothar de Rossi, MD, Sylvia Schroth, MD^*, Rüdiger Autschbach, MD, Rolf Rossaint, MD^*, and Wolfgang Buhre, MD^#

Departments of *Anesthesiology and Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH, Aachen, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heart Center Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Clinical Research Department Immunology/Virology, Biberach, Germany; and #Division of Perioperative and Emergency Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Steffen Rex, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Address e-mail to srex{at}ukaachen.de.

The use of miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuits and avoidance of cardioplegic arrest are attempts to reduce the inflammatory response to cardiac surgery. We studied the effects of beating heart surgery (BHS) with assistance of simplified bypass systems (SBS) on global hemodynamics, myocardial function and the inflammatory response to CPB. We hypothesized that the use of SBS was associated with less hemodynamic instability after CPB resulting from attenuation of the inflammatory response when compared with surgery performed with a conventional CPB (cCPB) circuit. Forty-five patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were prospectively studied. Fifteen patients were randomized to the use of a cCPB circuit, cold crystalloid cardioplegia, and moderate hypothermia. Two groups of 15 patients underwent BHS during normothermia with assistance of two different SBS consisting of only blood pump and oxygenator. Hemodynamic variables were assessed with transpulmonary thermodilution and transesophageal echocardiography. Plasma levels of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory mediators were measured perioperatively. After CPB, variables of global hemodynamics and systolic ventricular function did not differ among groups. Left ventricular diastolic function was impaired after CPB equally in all groups (P < 0.01 versus pre-CPB). At the end of surgery, there was more need for vasopressor (norepinephrine) support in both SBS groups than in the cCPB group (P < 0.01). After CPB, the release of interleukin (IL)-6 did not differ significantly among groups, whereas plasma levels of IL-10 were higher in the cCPB group (P < 0.01 versus SBS). The extent of myocardial necrosis (Troponin T) was comparable in all groups. We conclude that in our study, miniaturizing bypass systems and avoidance of cardioplegic arrest were not effective in improving hemodynamic performance and in attenuating the proinflammatory immune response after CPB.

Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999