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CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA

Fibrinogen Concentrate Reverses Dilutional Coagulopathy Induced In Vitro by Saline but Not by Hydroxyethyl Starch 6%

Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Hemostaseology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Bernhard Heindl, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 20, 80336 Munich, Germany. Address e-mail to Bernhard.Heindl{at}med.uni-muenchen.de.

Severe bleeding often induces coagulopathy via loss, consumption, and dilution of clotting factors and platelets. The aims of our in vitro study were to characterize the influence of progressive hemodilution with either NaCl 0.9% or hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 6% on blood clot formation and to analyze the effect of substitution of fibrinogen and platelets on dilutional coagulopathy. Whole blood samples drawn from 8 volunteers were diluted from 20% to 80% of the sample volume with both diluents separately. Clot formation was measured by thrombelastography. At a 60% dilution, either fibrinogen and/or platelets were added to the samples. Clot firmness became critical after 40% dilution with HES 6% but not until 60% dilution with NaCl 0.9%. When platelet function was blocked, fibrin polymerization was severely impaired after 20% dilution with HES 6%, whereas such an effect was only seen after 80% dilution with NaCl 0.9%. The addition of fibrinogen reconstituted the clot firmness in the presence of NaCl 0.9%, but this had only a minor effect after dilution with HES 6%. Platelets alone or in addition were not able to improve clot firmness to a clinically relevant extent. Dilutional coagulopathy induced by crystalloids can, in vitro, be effectively reversed by supplementation of fibrinogen. In contrast, HES molecules interfere with fibrin polymerization and, thus, administration of fibrinogen after dilution with HES 6% failed to significantly improve clot firmness.

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Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999