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Anesth Analg 2006;102:1217-1222
© 2006 International Anesthesia Research Society
doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000198634.25504.83

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA

Intrathecal Nicorandil and Small-Dose Morphine Can Induce Spastic Paraparesis After a Noninjurious Interval of Spinal Cord Ischemia in the Rat

Tatsuya Fuchigami, MD, PhD, Manabu Kakinohana, MD, PhD, Seiya Nakamura, MD, PhD, Kenji Murata, MD, PhD, and Kazuhiro Sugahara, MD, PhD

Department of Anesthesiology, University of the Ryukyus; Division of Anesthesiology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Manabu Kakinohana, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinwawa, 903-0215 Japan. Address e-mail to mnb-shk{at}ryukyu.ne.jp.

We investigated the interaction between nicorandil, a K+ATP channel opener, and morphine on motor function after a noninjurious interval of spinal cord ischemia in the rat. Spinal ischemia was induced by aortic occlusion for 6 min with a balloon catheter in Sprague-Dawley rats. All animals received intrathecal (IT) injection of morphine (1–60 µg) 1 h after ischemia. In addition to IT injection of morphine, group M (control), group MN (combination of morphine and nicorandil), and group MNG (combination of morphine, nicorandil, and glibenclamide) received IT saline, nicorandil (10 µg), and both glibenclamide (10 µg) and nicorandil (10 µg) after 150 min of reperfusion, respectively. A quantal bioassay for the effect of IT morphine on neurological function after ischemia was performed to calculate 50% effective dose values (ED50) for inducing paraparesis at 3 h of reperfusion. The ED50 in group M and group MN was 15.1 ± 4.9 µg and 2.9 ± 1.0 µg of IT morphine, respectively (P < 0.05). In Group MNG, the dose-response curve shifted back to the right and the ED50 for inducing paraparesis was 11.6 ± 4.7 µg of IT morphine. The present study demonstrates that IT small-dose morphine combined with nicorandil induces spastic paraparesis after noninjurious interval of spinal cord ischemia in the rat.






Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.