JOURNAL HOME CME HOME THIS MONTH PAST ISSUES ETOC COLLECTIONS
AUTHORS REVIEWERS EDITORIAL BOARD FEEDBACK RSS HELP
A&A International Anesthesia Research Society
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a colleague
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (3)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Chan, V. W. S.
Right arrow Articles by Shannon, P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Chan, V. W. S.
Right arrow Articles by Shannon, P.

Anesth Analg 2007;104:1281-1284
© 2007 International Anesthesia Research Society
doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000250915.45247.24

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA

An Ultrasonographic and Histological Study of Intraneural Injection and Electrical Stimulation in Pigs

Vincent W. S. Chan, MD*, Richard Brull, MD*, Colin J. L. McCartney, MB, ChB*, Daquan Xu, MB{dagger}, Sherif Abbas, MD{dagger}, and Patrick Shannon, MSc, MD{ddagger}

From the *Departments of Anesthesia, {ddagger}Pathology, University of Toronto; and {dagger}Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, Ontario, Canada.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Vincent Chan, MD, Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8. Address e-mail to vincent.chan{at}uhn.on.ca.

BACKGROUND: In this study we evaluated the minimum stimulating current associated with intraneural needle placement and sonographic appearance of intraneural injection.

METHODS: We inserted a needle 2 cm inside 28 pig nerves (brachial plexus in vivo), recorded the minimum current to elicit a motor response, and injected dye (5 mL) under ultrasound (US) imaging.

RESULTS: The minimum current to elicit a motor response was 0.43 mA (range: 0.12–1.8 mA). Nerve expansion was visualized by US in 24 of 28 nerves. Histology revealed penetration of the epineurium in these same 24 nerves. There was no evidence of dysplasia within the fascicle of any nerve.

CONCLUSIONS: US may prove useful to detect intraneural injection, whereas a motor response above 0.5 mA may not exclude intraneural needle placement. The correlation between intraneural injection and neurological dysfunction remains unclear.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Canadian J. AnesthesiaHome page
B. Tsui and J. Pillay
474708 - ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TO WARN OF INTRANEURAL INJECTION IN DUROC PIGS
Can J Anesth, June 1, 2008; 55(suppl_1): 474708 - 474708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
T. T. Horlocker and D. J. Wedel
Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: In Search of the Holy Grail
Anesth. Analg., May 1, 2007; 104(5): 1009 - 1011.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2007 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.