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Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1288-1295
© 2008 International Anesthesia Research Society
doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318163faa6
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ANALGESIA

Upregulation of Dorsal Horn Microglial Cyclooxygenase-1 and Neuronal Cyclooxygenase-2 After Thoracic Deep Muscle Incisions in the Rat

Jeffrey S. Kroin, PhD*, Mayumi Takatori, MD*, Jinyuan Li, MD, PhD*, Er-Yun Chen, MD{dagger}, Asokumar Buvanendran, MD*, and Kenneth J. Tuman, MD*

From the Departments of *Anesthesiology, and {dagger}Neurology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois.

Address correspondence to Jeffrey S. Kroin, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Rush Medical College, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612. Address e-mail to jkroin{at}rush.edu.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Plantar hindpaw incision produces hyperalgesia, transient upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prolonged upregulation of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) in rat lumbar spinal cord. Our hypothesis in this study was that a deep thoracic incision causes COX-1 and COX-2 upregulation in the dorsal horn coincident with pain-related behavior, and that specific cell types contribute to this increase in COX expression.

METHODS: A left lateral thoracic skin incision was made in anesthetized rats, and superficial and deep muscles were incised. Postoperative pain-related behavior was quantified by recording exploratory rearing. Four and 24 h postsurgery, COX-1 and COX-2 immunohistochemistry, with co-labeling for cell type, were performed on the spinal cord.

RESULTS: Deep thoracic muscle incision produced a 42% decrease in rearing compared to sham skin-incision controls at 4 h postsurgery (P = 0.001). There was an increase in both COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivity in the thoracic dorsal horn at 4 h postsurgery on the ipsilateral side of surgery animals compared to the ipsilateral side of control animals, contralateral side of surgery animals or contralateral side of control animals. No surgery-induced differences were seen at the lumbar level. At 24 h postsurgery, there was no longer a decrease in rearing, and no surgery-induced differences in COX-1 or COX-2 were seen at any level. At 4 h postsurgery, 96% of COX-1 immunoreactive cells co-localized with microglia and 98% of COX-2 immunoreactive cells co-localized with neurons.

CONCLUSIONS: A unilateral deep thoracic wound produces pain-related behavior and, at the same time, ipsilateral upregulation of microglial COX-1 and neuronal COX-2 in the thoracic dorsal horn.






Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2008 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.