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OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIOLOGY

Bispectral Index Values During Sevoflurane-Nitrous Oxide General Anesthesia in Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery: A Comparison Between Women With and Without Prior Labor

Kyung Y. Yoo, MD, PhD^*, Cheol W. Jeong, MD^*, Myung W. Kang, MD^*, Seok J. Kim, MD^*, Sung T. Chung, MD^*, Min H. Shin, MD, and JongUn Lee, MD, PhD

From the Departments of *Anesthesiology, Preventive Medicine, and Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Kyung Yeon Yoo, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 8 Hak dong, Gwangju 501-757, Korea. Address e-mail to kyyoo{at}jnu.ac.kr.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: An end-tidal concentration of 1% sevoflurane (1% ET_SEVO) in 50% nitrous oxide (N₂O) during elective cesarean delivery has been associated with bispectral index (BIS) values >60, which are associated with an increased risk of awareness. We hypothesized that BIS values during sevoflurane-N₂O general anesthesia for cesarean delivery would be lower in women with prior labor compared with women without prior labor.

METHODS: Forty patients undergoing cesarean delivery were enrolled in this observational study. One group had urgent surgery after labor (labor group, n = 20) and the other had elective surgery without labor (control group, n = 20). General anesthesia was induced with thiopental 4 mg/kg, followed by succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg, and maintained with 1% ET_SEVO and 50% N₂O in oxygen. BIS values, systolic arterial blood pressure, heart rate, plasma stress hormone concentrations, Apgar scores, and postoperative analgesia variables were assessed and compared between groups.

RESULTS: BIS values during the period between intubation and delivery were lower in the labor group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Plasma norepinephrine concentrations increased at delivery compared with baseline in both groups. They were higher in the labor group than in the control group both at baseline and at delivery. Systolic arterial blood pressure, heart rate, Apgar scores, surgical characteristics, and plasma concentrations of vasopressin and cortisol were not different between groups. Postoperative visual analog scale pain scores were similar between groups, while the labor group consumed less analgesics (P < 0.01) during the first 24 h after the operation.

CONCLUSIONS: Prior labor was associated with lower intraoperative BIS values during sevoflurane/N₂O general anesthesia and reduced postoperative analgesic consumption in women undergoing cesarean delivery compared with women without prior labor.

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