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Circulatory Responses to Midazolam Anesthesia

Emphasis on Canine Splanchnic Circulation

Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294.

Abstract

Experiments were performed on nine dogs instrumented with pulmonary artery Swan-Ganz catheters and catheters placed into the distal aorta and posterior caval vein. Electromagnetic flowmeter probes were placed around the portal vein and hepatic artery, and the portal vein was cannulated. A week later, systemic and splanchnic circulatory variables were studied before and after 10 mg/kg of midazolam given intravenously. Three minutes after injection, heart rate increased 26% (P < 0.006), cardiac index decreased 15% (P < 0.001), portal flow increased 19% (P > 0.05), and hepatic arterial flow decreased slightly (P < 0.002). Later, portal blood flow decreased 17% below baseline values (P < 0.006). The biphasic response of portal blood flow to midazolam is probably related to redistribution of blood within the splanchnic system (blood mobilization from spleen and intestine). It is suggested that because maintenance of cardiac output during midazolam anesthesia depends on compensatory mechanisms, failure to increase cardiac output with compensatory increases in heart rate, contractility, and blood volume mobilization from the splanchnic circulation could result in decreased cardiac output.

Key Words: HYPNOTICS: benzodiazepines, hepatic blood flow • INTRAVENOUS ANESTHESIA: midazolam, splanchnic circulation

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Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999