JOURNAL HOME CME HOME THIS MONTH PAST ISSUES ETOC COLLECTIONS AUTHORS REVIEWERS EDITORIAL BOARD FEEDBACK RSS HELP
		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a colleague Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lundeen, G. Articles by Parks, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lundeen, G. Articles by Parks, C.

Systemic Distribution of Blood Flow in Swine while Awake and during 1.0 and 1.5 MAC Isoflurane Anesthesia with or without 50% Nitrous Oxide

Received from the Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.

Abstract

To examine the effects of isoflurane on systemic distribution of cardiac output, organ/tissue blood flow was measured in 11 isocapnic pigs using 15-µm diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres injected into the left atrium. Measurements were made on each pig during five of the following six conditions: awake (control); 1.0 MAC (1.45% end-tidal) isoflurane anesthesia; 1.5 MAC (2.18% end-tidal) isoflurane anesthesia; 0.95% end-tidal isoflurane and 50% N₂O anesthesia equivalent to 1.0 MAC; 1.68% end-tidal isoflurane and 50% N₂O anesthesia equivalent to 1.5 MAC; and 50% N₂O administration. The order of anesthetized steps was randomized. A period of 60 min was interposed between anesthetized steps to allow pigs to recover towards control values. Mean aortic pressure decreased in a dose-related manner during isoflurane anesthesia, whereas cardiac output decreased only during 1.5 MAC isoflurane anesthesia and heart rate remained unchanged. The addition of N₂O attenuated the hypotensive effects of isoflurane and cardiac output was maintained near control values because of increased heart rate. Brain blood flow increased in a dose-dependent manner with isoflurane anesthesia, but myocardial blood flow exhibited a dose-related decrease. The addition of 50% N₂O to maintain the same total MAC anesthesia resulted in a larger increase in brain blood flow especially at 1.5 MAC, while myocardial blood flow was maintained near control value. Rate—pressure product and myocardial blood flow at 1.5 MAC anesthesia were higher when N₂O was used with isoflurane. While blood flow and fraction of cardiac output going to the adrenal glands were unaltered during isoflurane-N₂O anesthesia, blood flow increased at 1.5 MAC isoflurane anesthesia. Splenic blood flow and splenic fraction of cardiac output were increased at both MAC levels of isoflurane as well as isoflurane-N₂O anesthesia whereas blood flow to the stomach, small intestine, diaphragm, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue decreased from control values. Renal, hepatic arterial, and cutaneous bood flow remained unaltered. Fifty percent N₂O in the presence of a residual end-tidal isoflurane concentration of 0.20% caused heart rate to increase from control levels, while cardiac output and mean aortic pressure were unaltered. Brain blood flow increased by 27% above control values, but perfusion in the myocardium, adrenal glands, spleen, kidneys, liver, and skin was unchanged. Stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle, and diaphragm blood flows decreased from control values, whereas perfusion of adipose tissue increased.

Key Words: ANESTHETICS, Gases: nitrous oxide • ANESTHETICS, Volatile: isoflurane • HEART, Cardiac Output: isoflurane • BRAIN, Blood flow: isoflurane • LIVER, Blood flow: isoflurane • KIDNEYS, Blood flow: isoflurane

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. W. Kimmel, N. D. Skadsberg, C. L. Byrd, D. J. Wright, T. G. Laske, and P. A. Iaizzo Single-site ventricular and biventricular pacing: investigation of latest depolarization strategy Europace, December 1, 2007; 9(12): 1163 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Stephens, B. Stoll, J. Cottrell, X. Chang, M. Helmrath, and D. G. Burrin Glucagon-like peptide-2 acutely increases proximal small intestinal blood flow in TPN-fed neonatal piglets Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): R283 - R289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. E. Hecker, M. Reyle-Hahn, J. H. Baumert, N. Horn, N. Heussen, and R. Rossaint Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration of Isoflurane with Different Xenon Concentrations in Swine Anesth. Analg., January 1, 2003; 96(1): 119 - 124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Allaouchiche, F. Duflo, J.-P. Tournadre, R. Debon, and D. Chassard Influence of sepsis on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in a porcine model{{dagger}} Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2001; 86(6): 832 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Niemann Reply J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 1, 2001; 37(6): 1753 - 1754. [Full Text] [PDF]

Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999