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Anesth Analg 1984; 63:919-924
© 1984 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Electrical Nerve Location

Numerical and Electrophoretic Comparison of Insulated vs Uninsulated Needles

G. Bashein, MD, PhD, Richard H. Haschke, PhD, and L. Brian Ready, MD, FRCP(C)

Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.

Abstract

We compared the electrical characteristics of insulated and uninsulated needles in two models that simulate use of a stimulator for nerve localization. With a digital computer, we solved for and graphed the contours of constant electric field strength, defining regions of simulated tissue in which a nerve would become depolarized for a particular stimulation current. We found that with an uninsulated needle, these regions extend proximally along the needle shaft with their widest dimension located slightly shallow to the tip, hut with insulated needles, the regions are almost circular and are centered slightly deep to the needle tip. We confirmed these findings by electrophoresis of bromphenolblue dye in polyacrylamide gel. We also found that the necessary stimulator current is much more dependent on the depth of needle insertion with uninsulated needles than with insulated needles. We conclude that the electrical characteristics of insulated needles are more favorable for successful nerve block.

Key Words: EQUIPMENT—needles, nerve stimulators • ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUES—regional • NERVE—stimulator




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Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 1984 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.