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Pulmonary Vascular Responses to Nitrous Oxide in Newborn Lambs

Received from the Department of Anesthesiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.

Abstract

The hemodynamic effects of N₂O and N₂O plus hypoxia were studied in six lambs (0–3 days of age) that were instrumented with pulmonary artery flow probes and catheters, as well as aortic and left atrial catheters. N₂O was administered to the awake lambs through a mask in mixtures of 75% N₂O:25% O₂ and 75% N₂O:11% O₂:14% N_2. Pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance increased significantly upon exposure to N₂O both during normoxia and hypoxia, and nitrous oxide also significantly elevated left atrial pressure and decreased pulmonary artery blood flow during normoxia. Aortic pressure was essentially unchanged by nitrous oxide. The data indicate that in newborn lambs the pulmonary vasculature responds to N₂O with vasoconstriction.

Key Words: ANESTHETICS, GASES—nitrous oxide • LUNG—blood flow • HYPOXIA—pulmonary vascular response

Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999