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Anesth Analg 1986; 65:259-266
© 1986 International Anesthesia Research Society
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A Comparison of Morphine, Fentanyl, and Sufentanil Anesthesia for Cardiac Surgery

Induction, Emergence, and Extubation

Theodore J. Sanford, Jr, MD, N. Ty Smith, MD, Holly Dec-Silver, RN, CRTT, and Walter K. Harrison, PhD

Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, VA Medical Center, San Diego, California.

Abstract

We compared anesthetic doses of three popular opiates, morphine (n = 10), fentanyl (n = 9), and sufentanil (n = 9) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Opiate administration after induction was based upon EEG and cardiovascular signs of the depth of anesthesia. Total doses were morphine, 4.4 ± 0.71 mg/kg, fentanyl, 95.4 ± 9.9 µg/kg, and sufentanil, 18.9 ± 2.2 µg/kg. Comparisons among opiates included times for induction of anesthesia, return of consciousness, return of spontaneous ventilation, return of adequate cardiovascular status, and extubation. The following times (mean and SEM) were significantly (P < 0.05) shorter for sufentanil than for fentanyl or morphine: induction (15 ± 2.3 min, 5.9 ± 0.7 min, and 3.0 ± 0.2 min for morphine, fentanyl, and sufentanil, respectively); return of consciousness (morphine 109.7 ± 34.4 min, fentanyl 62.3 ± 17.9 min, sufentanil 77 ± 8.7 min); return of acceptable and stable cardiovascular status (morphine 587.3 ± 239.3 min, fentanyl 537.9 ± 144.8 min, sufentanil 173.7 ± 56.8 min); and extubation (morphine 1122.3 ± 61.8 min, fentanyl 1005.7 ± 77.7 min, sufentanil 533.3 ± 67.8 min). We conclude that sufentanil administered in the dosage range of 19 µg/kg allows more rapid induction, earlier emergence from anesthesia, and faster extubation of patients than either morphine or fentanyl.

Key Words: ANALGESICS—morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil • ANESTHETICS; INTRAVENOUS—narcotic • ANESTHESIA—cardiovascular






Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 1986 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.