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Anesth Analg 1986; 65:575-582
© 1986 International Anesthesia Research Society
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Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Anesthetics in Humans

Measurements during and after the Simultaneous Administration of Enflurane, Halothane, Isoflurane, Methoxyflurane, and Nitrous Oxide

Randall L. Carpenter, MD, Edmond I. Eger, II, MD, Brynte H. Johnson, AB, Jashvant D. Unadkat, PhD, and Lewis B. Sheiner, MD

Received from the Departments of Anesthesia, Medicine, and Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California.

Abstract

To determine the relative washin and washout characteristics of isoflurane, enflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane, we administered all four anesthetics simultaneously (total = 1.1 MAC) to nine healthy patients for 2 hr. Concentrations of anesthetics in end-tidal gases were measured during washin and for 5–9 days during washout. Multiex-ponential (multicompartment) models were fit to the washin and washout curves using least-squares analysis. Slowly equilibrating compartments could only be identified during washout. For 27 of the 36 data sets, five-compartment models fit the washout curves significantly better than four-compartment models. The time constant for our first compartment is consistent with that predicted for washout of the lungs. Time constants for the second, third, and fifth compartments were consistent with current data for blood flows and solubilities of vessel-rich, muscle, and fat tissue groups, respectively. The fourth compartment has a time constant that lies between the time constants predicted for muscle and fat.

Key Words: ANESTHETICS, VOLATILE—enflurane, halothane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane • METABOLISM—drug • PHARMACOKINETICS—volatile anesthetics




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Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 1986 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.