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Hemodynamic and Organ Blood Flow Responses to Halothane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia During Spontaneous Ventilation

Department of Anesthesia, the Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital; and Departments of Anesthesia and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

This study compared systemic hemodynamic and organ blood flow responses to equipotent concentrations of halothane and sevoflurane during spontaneous ventilation in the rat. The MAC values for halothane and sevoflurane were determined. Cardiac output and organ blood flows were measured using radiolabeled microspheres. Measurements were obtained in awake rats (control values) and at 1.0 MAC halothane or sevoflurane. The MAC values (mean ± SEM) for halothane and sevoflurane were 1.10% ± 0.05% and 2.40% ± 0.05%, respectively. The Paco₂increased to a similar extent in both groups compared with control values. During halothane anesthesia, heart rate decreased by 12% (P < 0.01), cardiac index by 26% (P < 0.01), and mean arterial blood pressure by 18% (P < 0.01) compared with control values. Stroke volume index and systemic vascular resistance did not change. During sevoflurane anesthesia, hemodynamic variables remained unchanged compared with control values. Coronary blood flow decreased by 21% (P < 0.01) and renal blood flow by 18% (P < 0.01) at 1.0 MAC halothane, whereas both remained unchanged at 1.0 MAC sevoflurane. Cerebral blood flow increased to a greater extent with halothane (63%; P < 0.01) than with sevoflurane (35%; P < 0.05). During halothane anesthesia, hepatic arterial blood flow increased by 48% (P < 0.01), whereas portal tributary blood flow decreased by 28% (P < 0.01). During sevoflurane anesthesia, hepatic arterial blood flow increased by 70% (P < 0.01) without a concomitant reduction in portal tributary blood flow. Total liver blood flow decreased only with halothane (16%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, for comparable increases in Paco₂, systemic hemodynamic and organ blood flow responses to halothane are significantly greater than the responses to sevoflurane at an equipotent concentration of 1.0 MAC in the spontaneously ventilating rat.

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