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Preanesthetic Skin-Surface Warming Reduces Redistribution Hypothermia Caused by Epidural Block

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, and the Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, California

Redistribution of heat from the core to the cool peripheral compartments of the body causes hypothermia during epidural anesthesia. Diminishing the temperature gradient between the core and peripheral tissues by warming the body via the skin before anesthesia should prevent this hypothermia. We measured core temperature, skin temperatures, and cutaneous heat loss in seven volunteers who received two lidocaine epidural injections during a single study day. One epidural injection was given after the volunteer had rested in a cool room (22°C) ("no prewarming") for 2 h, and one injection was given after the volunteer had been covered with a forced air warming mattress (38°C) ("prewarming") for 2 h. Skin temperatures were higher after prewarming. The decrease in core temperature during epidural anesthesia was smaller after prewarming [mean within patient difference (prewarming-no prewarming): 0.41; P = 0.003]. However, heat loss was greater after prewarming (mean within patient difference: 26.4; P = 0.02). Shivering was less after prewarming. We conclude that prewarming decreases redistribution hypothermia caused by epidural block. These results support the hypothesis that redistribution of heat within the body, not heat loss, is the most important etiology of hypothermia from epidural anesthesia.

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Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999