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CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA

Sequential Changes of Arterial Oxygen Tension in the Supine Position During One-Lung Ventilation

Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Seiji Watanabe, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahimachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, 830-0011, Japan. Address e-mail to watanabe{at}med.kurume-u.ac.jp

To investigate how surgical positions affect the severity and progress of hypoxemia during one-lung ventilation (OLV), we studied 33 adult patients undergoing right thoracotomy with left OLV. The patients were divided into three groups according to the positions during surgery as follows: the supine position (SP) group (n = 11), the left semilateral decubitus position (LSD) group (n = 9), and the left lateral decubitus position (LLD) group (n = 13). Analysis of arterial blood gases was sequentially determined every 5 min for 30 min during OLV (fractional ratio of inspiratory oxygen = 1.0) in each position. OLV was promptly terminated and switched to bi-lung ventilation if SpO₂ declined to 90%. PaO₂ progressively decreased with time in all three groups (P < 0.01). The incidence of termination of OLV within 30 min was higher in the SP group (82%), compared with that in the LSD (11%) and LLD (8%) groups (P < 0.01). Final PaO₂ (65 ± 12 mm Hg, mean ± SD, P < 0.01 versus LLD, P < 0.05 versus LSD) and SaO₂ (91% ± 4%, P < 0.01 versus LLD and LSD) at the termination of OLV in the SP group were the lowest. There was no difference between these values in the LSD and LLD groups (128 ± 54 mm Hg, 96% ± 2%, and 167 ± 69 mm Hg, 97% ± 4%, respectively) 30 min after the start of OLV. The time for PaO₂ to decrease to 200 mm Hg calculated from each regression curve was 354 s in the SP group, 583 s in the LSD group, and 798 s in the LLD group. The time for PaO₂ to decline to 100 mm Hg was 794 s in the SP group. In the regression curves of the LSD and LLD groups, the PaO₂ did not decrease to 100 mm Hg. Heart rate was slow at baseline in the SP group (P < 0.05 versus LSD), but other hemodynamic variables did not differ among the three groups throughout this study. The LSD was as effective as the LLD in avoiding life-threatening hypoxemia during OLV.

Implications: Close observation and prompt counteractions including termination of one-lung ventilation (OLV) are crucial for patients under OLV in the supine position, because life-threatening hypoxemia frequently occurs approximately 10 min after starting OLV, even under 100% oxygen inhalation. The left semilateral decubitus position was as effective as the left lateral decubitus position in avoiding life-threatening hypoxemia during OLV.

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