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PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA

Does the Addition of Fentanyl to Bupivacaine in Caudal Epidural Block Have an Effect on the Plasma Level of Catecholamines in Children?

L. A. Gaitini, MD^*, M. Somri, MD^*, S. J. Vaida, MD^*, B. Yanovski, MD^*, G. Mogilner, MD, E. Sabo, MD^*, S. Lischinsky, MSc, A. Greenberg, MSc, N. Levy, PhD, and O. Zinder, PhD

Departments of *Anesthesiology and Pediatric Surgery, B’nai Zion Medical Center; and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rambam Medical Center; and B. Rappaport, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel

Address correspondence and reprint requests to L. Gaitini, MD, Director, Department of Anesthesiology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, P.O. Box 4940, 31048, Haifa, Israel. Address e-mail to gaitini{at}netvision.net.il

We evaluated the effect of adding fentanyl to bupivacaine, compared with bupivacaine alone, on the stress response. The effect was evaluated by determining blood levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in pediatric patients receiving caudal epidural blocks. Sixty children, 1–8 yr of age, scheduled for elective herniorrhaphy, were randomly allocated to two groups of 30 patients each. Group A received inhaled anesthesia and caudal epidural block with bupivacaine 0.25% alone, 1.0 mL/kg. Group B received identical anesthesia; however, fentanyl 1 µg/kg was added to the bupivacaine in the caudal block. Blood samples for E and NE plasma levels were drawn at induction time (H₀), at the end of surgery (H₁), and in the postanesthesia care unit (H₂). In both groups, there was a significant decrease in the E and NE plasma levels, when comparing H₁ and H₂ with H₀ within the same group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the E and NE plasma levels between the two groups at H₀, H₁, and H₂ (P = 0.5, P = 0.12, P = 0.5, respectively). Pain scores (modified Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Score) were also similar in both groups (P = 0.19). This study suggests that adding fentanyl 1 µg/kg to bupivacaine in the caudal epidural block in children does not influence plasma levels of E and NE, nor does it improve the analgesic intensity of the caudal block.

Implications: This study demonstrates that adding fentanyl to bupivacaine for caudal epidural blocks has no beneficial effect on the stress response in pediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy, as evaluated by plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine values, compared with bupivacaine alone.

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Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999