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Anesth Analg 2000;90:1257-1261
© 2000 International Anesthesia Research Society


CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA

Postoperative Prophylactic Administration of ß-Adrenergic Blockers in Patients at Risk for Myocardial Ischemia

Michael K. Urban, MD, PhD*, Steven M. Markowitz, MD{dagger}, Michael A. Gordon, MD*, Barbara L. Urquhart, RN*, and Paul Kligfield, MD{dagger}

*Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Special Surgery—Weill Medical College of Cornell University; and {dagger}Department of Cardiology, New York Hospital—Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Michael Urban, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th St., New York, NY 10021.

Perioperative myocardial ischemia (MI) is associated with postoperative cardiac morbidity. Postoperative sympatholysis may reduce the incidence of MI. This study evaluated such a reduction postoperatively with the administration of prophylactic ß-blockers in patients undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty with epidural anesthesia and postoperative epidural analgesia. One hundred seven patients were preoperatively randomized into two groups, control and ß-blockers, who received postoperative esmolol infusions on the day of surgery and metoprolol for the next 48 h to maintain a heart rate less than 80 bpm. Patients were followed for ST segment depression by using a Holter monitor and adverse cardiac outcomes. Postoperative electrocardiographic ischemia was significantly more prevalent in the control group compared with the ß-blocker group during esmolol blockade (0 of 52 vs 4 of 55; P = 0.04) and tended to be more common in the control group the next two days (8 of 55 vs 3 of 52; P = 0.135). In addition, the number of ischemic events (control, 50; ß-blockers, 16) and total ischemic time (control, 709 min; ß-blocker, 236 min) were also significantly different from the control group. Myocardial infarctions and cardiac events were more common in the control group, but these differences were not significant. Our results suggest that the use of prophylactic ß-blocker therapy may reduce the incidence of postoperative MI.

Implications: Prophylactic ß adrenergic blockade administered after elective total knee arthroplasty was associated with a reduced prevalence and duration of postoperative myocardial ischemia detected with Holter monitoring.




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Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2000 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.