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Anesth Analg 2000;91:467-472
© 2000 International Anesthesia Research Society

GENERAL ARTICLES

The Effects of Glycopyrrolate on Oral Mucous Host Defenses in Healthy Volunteers

Merja T. Lähteenmäki, MD*, Matti S. Salo, MD, PhD*, Jorma O. Tenovuo, DOdont, PhD{dagger}, Antti V. Helminen, MD{ddagger}, Pekka J. Vilja, PhD, and Risto K. Huupponen, MD, PhD{ddagger}

*Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, {dagger}Institute of Dentistry, and {ddagger}Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku; and Department of Clinical Science, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Matti Salo, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Address e-mail to matti.salo{at}tyks.fi

We studied the effects of glycopyrrolate on oral mucous host defenses. Single IV doses of glycopyrrolate (4 µg/kg) or placebo were administered to 12 healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. Salivary flow rates and the concentrations/activities of total protein, amylase, and nonimmunologic (lysozyme, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase, total salivary peroxidase, and thiocyanate) and immunologic (total immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M) mucous host defense factors were determined for paraffin-stimulated whole saliva before and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after drug administration. Glycopyrrolate serum concentrations were determined before and 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, and 30 min and 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after IV drug injection. Salivary flow rates were decreased significantly for 12 h after glycopyrrolate injection, compared with saline injection. The concentrations of immunologic and nonimmunologic defense factors were increased in the glycopyrrolate group, and differences between the groups were found for all factors (P < 0.05–0.001) except lysozyme and total salivary peroxidase. In contrast, because of the reduced flow rate, the output of all defense factors into the saliva was decreased after glycopyrrolate injection, compared with saline injection. Glycopyrrolate thus decreases the output of salivary host defense factors into the oral cavity.

Implications: Glycopyrrolate induces long-lasting hyposalivation and decreases the secretion of salivary immunologic and nonimmunologic defense factors in healthy volunteers.






Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2000 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.