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GENERAL ARTICLES

Protein Binding and the Metabolism of Thiamylal Enantiomers In Vitro

Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Ryozo Oishi, PhD, Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. Address e-mail to rooishi{at}st.hosp.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Thiamylal, a chiral thiobarbiturate, is marketed as a racemic product. We studied the serum protein binding and microsomal metabolism of thiamylal enantiomers in vitro. The unbound fraction of R(+)-thiamylal was greater than that of S(-)-thiamylal. The analysis of binding data revealed that both enantiomers bound to human serum albumin through only one site. In displacement studies with site-specific probes, dansylsarcosine, but not warfarin, significantly decreased the binding of both enantiomers. The bindings of enantiomers were also decreased by octanoate and a large concentration of oleate. These findings suggest that both enantiomers bind to Site II of albumin with higher affinity for S(-)-enantiomer. R(+)-thiamylal was metabolized more rapidly than S(-)-enantiomer by human liver microsomes. An experiment with isoform-selective inhibitors and cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoforms showed that CYP2C9 had the highest activity for the metabolism of both enantiomers, the activity being 7 to 10 times that of CYP2E1 and CYP3A4. CYP2C9 showed a significantly rapid metabolism of R(+)-enantiomer, suggesting that CYP2C9 is mainly involved in the enantioselective metabolism of thiamylal.

Implications: Because clinically marketed thiamylal is a racemic compound, a pharmacokinetic study of each enantiomer may be beneficial. We found that the enantioselectivity of thiamylal existed in protein binding and metabolism. This may be caused by the differences in the affinities of enantiomers for albumin and cytochrome P-450 isoform.

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