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Department of Anesthesiology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Andrea Casati, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, IRCCS H San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. Address e-mail to casati.andrea{at}hsr.it
Recent studies demonstrated that ropivacaine was nearly 40% less potent than bupivacaine in the first stage of labor, but contrasting results have been reported. We, therefore, conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study to determine the effects of the ropivacaine/bupivacaine potency ratio on the minimum volume of local anesthetic required to produce effective block of the femoral nerve in 50% of patients. Fifty adults premedicated with IV midazolam, 0.05 mg/kg, undergoing elective knee arthroscopy received femoral nerve blocks with a multiple-injection technique with a nerve stimulator (contractions of vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis were elicited with a 0.5-mA stimulating current). Patients randomly received either 0.5% ropivacaine (n = 25) or 0.5% bupivacaine (n = 25). The anesthetic volume was decided according to Dixon’s up-and-down method, starting from 12 mL and being equally divided among the three elicited twitches. Successful nerve block was loss of pinprick sensation in the femoral nerve distribution with concomitant block of the quadriceps muscle within 20 min after injection, as assessed by a blinded observer. Positive or negative responses determined a 3-mL decrease or increase for the next patient, respectively. According to the up-and-down sequences, the minimum local anesthetic volume providing successful nerve block in 50% of cases was 14 ± 2 mL in the ropivacaine group (95% CI: 12–16 mL) and 15 ± 2 mL (95% CI: 13–17 mL) in the bupivacaine group (P = 0.155). We conclude that the volume of 0.5% ropivacaine required to produce effective block of the femoral nerve in 50% of patients is similar to that required when using 0.5% bupivacaine.
Implications: Considering the risk for drug-related systemic toxicity, the equipotency ratio between ropivacaine and bupivacaine is crucial for daily practice. Despite the 40% reduction in the analgesic potency of ropivacaine reported during epidural analgesia for labor pain, results of this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study demonstrated that the same volume of 0.5% ropivacaine or 0.5% bupivacaine is required to produce an effective block of the femoral nerve in 50% of cases.
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P. Beaulieu, D. Babin, and T. Hemmerling The pharmacodynamics of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in combined sciatic and femoral nerve blocks for total knee arthroplasty. Anesth. Analg., September 1, 2006; 103(3): 768 - 774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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