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Anesth Analg 2001;92:984-989
© 2001 International Anesthesia Research Society

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA

Stroke Volume Variation as a Predictor of Fluid Responsiveness in Patients Undergoing Brain Surgery

Haim Berkenstadt, MD*, Nevo Margalit, MD{dagger}, Moshe Hadani, MD{dagger}, Zeev Friedman, MD*, Eran Segal, MD*, Yael Villa, PhD*, and Azriel Perel, MD*

Departments of *Anesthesiology and Intensive Care and {dagger}Neurosurgery, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Haim Berkenstadt, MD, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel 52621. Address e-mail to berken{at}netvision.net.il

Changes in arterial blood pressure induced by mechanical ventilation allow assessment of cardiac preload. In this study, stroke volume variation (SVV), which is the percentage change between the maximal and minimal stroke volumes (SV) divided by the average of the minimum and maximum over a floating period of 30 s, continuously displayed by the PiCCO continuous cardiac output monitor, was evaluated as a predictor of fluid responsiveness. Fifteen patients undergoing brain surgery were included. During surgery, graded volume loading was performed with each volume loading step (VLS) consisting of 100 mL of 6% hydroxyethylstarch given for 2 min. Successive responsive VLSs were performed (increase in SV > 5% after a VLS) until a change in SV of <5% was reached (nonresponsive). A total of 140 VLSs were performed. Responsive and nonresponsive VLSs differed in their pre-VLS values of systolic blood pressure, SV, and SVV, but not in the values of heart rate and central venous pressure. By using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve for SVV (0.870, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.809 to 0.903) was statistically more than those for central venous pressure (0.493, 95% CI: 0.397 to 0.590, P = 7 x 10-10), heart rate (0.593, 95% CI: 0.443 to 0.635, P = 5.7 x 10-10), and systolic blood pressure (0.729, 95% CI: 0.645 to 0.813, P = 4.3 x 10-3). An SVV value of 9.5% or more, will predict an increase in the SV of at least 5% in response to a 100-mL volume load, with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 93%.

Implications: Stroke volume variation may be used as a continuous preload variable and in combination with the continuously measured cardiac output, defining on-line the most important characteristics of cardiac function, allowing for optimal fluid management.




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Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2001 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.