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NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA

The Effects of 30% and 60% Xenon Inhalation on Pial Vessel Diameter and Intracranial Pressure in Rabbits

Taeko Fukuda, MD^*, Harumi Nakayama, MD^*, Kennichi Yanagi, MD, Taro Mizutani, MD, Masayuki Miyabe, MD^*, Norio Ohshima, DEng, and Hidenori Toyooka, MD^*

*Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Fukuda, Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. Address e-mail to taekof{at}md.tsukuba.ac.jp

Xenon may increase cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure (ICP). To evaluate the effects of xenon on brain circulation, we measured pial vessel diameter changes, CO₂ reactivity, and ICP during xenon inhalation in rabbits. Minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) for xenon was established in rabbits (n = 6). By using a cranial window model, pial vessel diameters were measured at 30% and 60% xenon inhalation and in time control groups (n = 15). ICP, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded during 30% and 60% xenon inhalation (n = 5). Pial vessel diameters were measured during hypocapnia and hypercapnia conditions in 60% Xenon and Control groups (n = 14). MAC for xenon was 85%. Xenon (0.35 and 0.7 MAC) dilated the arterioles (10% and 18%, respectively) and venules (2% and 4%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Dilation of arterioles was more prominent than that of venules. ICP, mean arterial blood pressure, and heart rate did not change during xenon inhalation. No difference in CO₂ reactivity was observed between Xenon and Control groups (P = 0.79). Sixty percent xenon (0.7 MAC) dilated brain vessels, but venule changes were small. Xenon did not increase ICP and preserved CO₂ reactivity of the brain vessels.

Implications: Xenon might increase cerebral blood flow; however, 0.7 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration xenon preserved both low intracranial pressure and CO₂ reactivity of the cerebral vessels in the normal rabbit.

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