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CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA

Epidural Analgesia Reduces Postoperative Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis

W. Scott Beattie, MD PhD, FRCPC^*, Neal H. Badner, MD FRCPC, and Peter Choi, MD FRCPC^*

*Departments of Anesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; and Department of Anesthesia, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

Address correspondence and reprint requests to W. Scott Beattie, MD, University of Toronto, Department of Anesthesia, Room 3EN357, 100 Elizabeth St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1P5. Address e-mail to scott.beattie{at}uhn.on.ca

Postoperative cardiac morbidity and mortality continue to pose considerable risks to surgical patients. Postoperative epidural analgesia is considered to have beneficial effects on cardiac outcomes. The use in high-risk cardiac patients remains controversial. No study has shown that postoperative epidural analgesia decreases postoperative myocardial infarction (PMI) or death. All studies are underpowered to show such a result, and the cost of conducting a large trial is prohibitive. We performed a metaanalysis to determine whether postoperative epidural analgesia continued for more than 24 h after surgery reduces PMI or in-hospital death. The available databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of epidural analgesia that was extended at least 24 h into the postoperative period. The search yielded 17 studies, of which 11 were randomized controlled trials comprising 1173 patients. Metaanalysis was conducted by using the fixed-effects model, calculating both an odds ratio and a rate difference. Postoperative epidural analgesia resulted in better analgesia for the first 24 h after surgery. The rate of PMI was 6.3%, with lower rates in the Epidural group (rate difference, -3.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -7.4%, -0.2%; P = 0.049). The frequency of in-hospital death was 3.3%, with no significant difference between Epidural and Nonepidural groups (rate difference, -1.3%; 95% CI, -3.8%, 1.2%, P = 0.091). Subgroup analysis of postoperative thoracic epidural analgesia showed a significant reduction in PMI in the Epidural group (rate difference, -5.3%; 95% CI, -9.9%, -0.7%; P = 0.04).

IMPLICATIONS: Postoperative epidural analgesia, especially thoracic epidural analgesia, continued for more than 24 h reduces postoperative myocardial infarctions.

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