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ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY

The Inhibitory Effects of Tramadol on Muscarinic Receptor-Induced Responses in Xenopus Oocytes Expressing Cloned M₃ Receptors

Yousuke Shiga, MD^*, Kouichiro Minami, MD PhD^*, Munehiro Shiraishi, MD^*, Yasuhito Uezono, MD PhD, Osamu Murasaki, MD, Muneshige Kaibara, MD PhD, and Akio Shigematsu, MD PhD^*

*Department of Anesthesiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu; and Department of Pharmacology II, Nagasaki University, School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Kouichiro Minami, MD, PhD, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan 807-8555. Address e-mail to kminami{at}med.uoeh-u.ac.jp

Tramadol is a widely used analgesic, but its mechanism of action is not completely understood. Muscarinic receptors are involved in neuronal function in the brain and autonomic nervous system, and much attention has been paid to these receptors as targets of analgesic drugs in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effects of tramadol on type-3 muscarinic (M₃) receptors using the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Tramadol (10 nM–100 µM) inhibited acetylcholine-induced currents in oocytes expressing M₃ receptor. Although GF109203X, a protein kinase C inhibitor, increased the basal current, it had little effect on the inhibition of acetylcholine-induced currents by tramadol. Moreover, tramadol inhibited the specific binding sites of [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. These findings suggest that tramadol at clinically relevant concentrations inhibits M₃ function via quinuclidinyl benzilate-binding sites. This may explain the modulation of neuronal function and the anticholinergic effects of tramadol.

IMPLICATION. Muscarinic receptors are involved in neuronal function and are targets of analgesic drugs. We here report that tramadol inhibits type-3 muscarinic receptors function via quinuclidinyl benzilate-binding sites at clinically relevant concentrations. These findings may explain the modulation of neuronal function and the anticholinergic effects of tramadol.

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