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Anesth Analg 2003;96:119-124
© 2003 International Anesthesia Research Society

ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY

Minimum Alveolar Anesthetic Concentration of Isoflurane with Different Xenon Concentrations in Swine

Klaus E. Hecker, MD*, Matthias Reyle-Hahn, MD*, Jan H. Baumert, MD*, Nicola Horn, MD*, Nicole Heussen, MSc{dagger}, and Rolf Rossaint, MD, PhD*

Departments of *Anesthesiology and {dagger}Medical Statistics, Klinikum der RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Klaus Hecker, Klinik für Anaesthesiologie, Klinikum der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. Address e-mail to klaus.hecker{at}post rwth-aachen.de.

For patients requiring a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.3, the use of xenon (Xe) as the sole anesthetic is limited because of its large minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of 71%. This warrants investigating the combination of Xe with other inhaled anesthetics. We therefore investigated the influence of Xe on the MAC of isoflurane. The study was performed in 10 swine (weight, 28–35 kg) ventilated with Xe 0%, 15%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 65% in oxygen. For each Xe concentration, various concentrations of isoflurane were administered in a step-wise design. For each combination, a supramaximal pain stimulus (claw-clamp) was applied, and the appearance of a withdrawal reaction was recorded. The isoflurane MAC was defined as the end-tidal concentration required to produce a 50% response rate. At each Xe concentration, the responses to the pain stimulus were categorized, and a logistic regression model was fitted to the results to determine isoflurane MAC. Isoflurane MAC was decreased by inhalation of Xe in a nonlinear manner from 1.92% (95% confidence interval, 1.70%–2.15%) with 0% Xe to 1.17% (95% confidence interval, 0.75%–1.59%) with 65% Xe. Although this indicates partial antagonism of the two anesthetics, a combination of Xe with isoflurane may prove valuable for patients requiring a fraction of inspired oxygen more than 0.3.

IMPLICATIONS: We investigated the influence of the anesthetic gas xenon on the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) for isoflurane (another anesthetic gas). The study was performed in 10 swine ventilated with fixed xenon and various concentrations of isoflurane. The isoflurane MAC is decreased by inhalation of xenon in a nonlinear relationship.




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Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2003 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.