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OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA

Epidural Infusions of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine for Labor Analgesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Obstetric Outcome

Bee B. Lee, MBBS, FANZCA^*, Warwick D. Ngan Kee, MBChB, MD, FANZCA^*, Floria F. Ng, RN, BASc^*, Tze K. Lau, MBBS, MD, MRCOG, and Eliza L. Y. Wong, RN, MPH^*

*Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care and Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China

Address correspondence to Bee Beng Lee, Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. Address e-mail to bblee{at}cuhk.edu.hk

Studies have shown better obstetric outcome when ropivacaine 0.25% was used for labor epidural analgesia compared with bupivacaine 0.25%, but it is controversial whether there is any difference at smaller concentrations. In a prospective, double-blind trial, we randomized 350 ASA physical status I and II parturients with term cephalic singleton pregnancies to receive epidural labor analgesia using ropivacaine or bupivacaine. Analgesia was initiated with a 0.25% solution and maintained with a continuous infusion of a 0.1% solution with fentanyl 0.0002%. Supplementary boluses of 0.25% solution were given when requested. Labor was managed according to institutional standard labor ward protocols. Among patients who delivered vaginally, the duration of the first stage of labor was shorter in the ropivacaine group (median, 520 min; interquartile range, 377–745 min) compared with the bupivacaine group (645 min; interquartile range, 460–820 min; P = 0.009), but there was no difference in any other obstetric or neonatal outcomes. The mode of delivery was similar between groups, with operative (instrumental vaginal and cesarean) delivery rates of 61.8% (95% confidence interval, 54.4%–68.8%) in the ropivacaine group and 58.4% (95% confidence interval, 50.9%–65.5%) in the bupivacaine group (P = 0.72).

IMPLICATIONS: In a randomized-controlled study, we found no major outcome advantage of continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl 0.0002% over bupivacaine 0.1% with fentanyl 0.0002% for labor analgesia. Although ropivacaine was associated with a shorter first stage of labor, the relative difference is probably of limited clinical importance, and there was no difference in the mode of delivery.

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