JOURNAL HOME CME HOME THIS MONTH PAST ISSUES ETOC COLLECTIONS
AUTHORS REVIEWERS EDITORIAL BOARD FEEDBACK RSS HELP
A&A International Anesthesia Research Society
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a colleague
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (11)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Adam, S.
Right arrow Articles by Klein, J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Adam, S.
Right arrow Articles by Klein, J.
Related Collections
Right arrow Ambulatory
Right arrow Pain
Right arrow Pharmacology

Anesth Analg 2004;99:1076-1079
© 2004 International Anesthesia Research Society
doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000130344.17898.CD

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA

Propofol-Induced Injection Pain: Comparison of a Modified Propofol Emulsion to Standard Propofol with Premixed Lidocaine

Sigrid Adam, MD, Jasper van Bommel, MD PhD, Michal Pelka, Maaike Dirckx, MD, David Jonsson, MD, and Jan Klein, MD PhD

Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Sigrid Adam, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Address e-mail to s.adam{at}erasmusmc.nl

Propofol is well known for its association with pain on injection. The most frequently used method to reduce this pain is premixture with lidocaine. Recently, a modified lipid emulsion of propofol containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) with long-chain triglycerides (LCT), in contrast to the usual LCT formulation, has been advocated to alleviate pain. In a randomized, prospective, controlled, double-blind study on 222 surgical patients, we compared the effect of the two solutions on the incidence and intensity of injection pain. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either propofol MCT/LCT (group M; n = 109) or standard propofol LCT with the addition of 20 mg of lidocaine (2 mL of lidocaine 1%) to 200 mg of propofol (group L; n = 113). Pain scores were assessed using a verbal analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0–10. Group L was found to have significantly less pain on the injection of propofol (mean VAS, 2.5 ± 2.9) (mean ± SD) than group M (mean VAS, 3.8 ± 3.2; P = 0.002). Regarding postoperative recall of pain on injection, patients in group L indicated significantly less pain (mean VAS, 2.2 ± 2.4) than patients in group M (mean VAS, 3.0 ± 2.7; P = 0.02). Premixing of 20 mg of lidocaine (2 mL of lidocaine 1%) to 200 mg of standard propofol LCT causes less pain on injection than propofol MCT/LCT and thus increases patient comfort.

IMPLICATIONS: Premixing of 20 mg of lidocaine (2 mL of lidocaine 1%) to 200 mg of standard propofol containing long-chain triglycerides (LCT) causes less pain on injection than propofol containing both medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and LCT and thus increases patient comfort.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
M. T. Aouad, S. M. Siddik-Sayyid, A. A. Al-Alami, and A. S. Baraka
Multimodal Analgesia to Prevent Propofol-Induced Pain: Pretreatment with Remifentanil and Lidocaine Versus Remifentanil or Lidocaine Alone
Anesth. Analg., June 1, 2007; 104(6): 1540 - 1544.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Br J AnaesthHome page
Y. Nyman, K. von Hofsten, A. Georgiadi, S. Eksborg, and P. A. Lonnqvist
Propofol injection pain in children: a prospective randomized double-blind trial of a new propofol formulation versus propofol with added lidocaine
Br. J. Anaesth., August 1, 2005; 95(2): 222 - 225.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
W. H. Maleck, S. N. Piper, and K. D. Rohm
Propofol-Induced Injection Pain: Comparison of a Modified Propofol Emulsion and Standard Propofol with Premixed Lidocaine
Anesth. Analg., June 1, 2005; 100(6): 1858 - 1858.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Anesth. Analg.Home page
S. Adam, J. van Bommel, M. Pelka, M. Dirckx, D. Jonsson, and J. Klein
Propofol-Induced Injection Pain: Comparison of a Modified Propofol Emulsion and Standard Propofol with Premixed Lidocaine
Anesth. Analg., June 1, 2005; 100(6): 1858 - 1859.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins Anesthesia & Analgesia® is published for the International Anesthesia Research Society® by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins with the assistance of Stanford University Libraries' HighWire Press®. Copyright 2006 by the International Anesthesia Research Society. Online ISSN: 1526-7598   Print ISSN: 0003-2999 HighWire Press
Copyright © 2004 by the International Anesthesia Research Society.