EDITORIALS:

Terese T. Horlocker and Denise J. Wedel

Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: In Search of the Holy Grail (Editorial)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1009-1011. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Charles W. Hogue, Ola A. Selnes, and Guy McKhann

Should All Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Have Preoperative Psychometric Testing: A Brain Stress Test? (Editorial)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1012-1014. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Tomoko Goto, Tomoko Baba, Asuka Ito, Kengo Maekawa, and Takaaki Koshiji

Gender Differences in Stroke Risk Among the Elderly After Coronary Artery Surgery
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1016-1022. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Carotid artery and aortic atherosclerosis increase the risk for stroke after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In this study we found that men were more likely than women to have risk factors for perioperative stroke including severe carotid stenosis and severe aortic atherosclerosis.

Brendan S. Silbert, David A. Scott, Lisbeth A. Evered, Matthew S. Lewis, and Paul T. Maruff

Preexisting Cognitive Impairment in Patients Scheduled for Elective Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1023-1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We found that 35% of 349 patients had cognitive impairment before coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, based on a comparison of psychometric testing results with that obtained from 170 healthy control individuals free of cardiovascular disease. These results suggest that impaired cognition before surgery must be considered when assessing the effects of CABG surgery on cognitive performance.

M. Carmen Unzueta, J. Ignacio Casas, and M. Victoria Moral

Pressure-Controlled Versus Volume-Controlled Ventilation During One-Lung Ventilation for Thoracic Surgery
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1029-1033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We compared pressure-controlled ventilation with volume-controlled ventilation during one-lung ventilation in patients with good preoperative pulmonary function undergoing thoracic surgery. We found no difference in arterial oxygenation between ventilatory management strategies, but pressure-controlled ventilation did lead to lower peak airway pressures.

Jesse H. Aron, Gregory W. Fink, Michael F. Swartz, Brant Ford, Michael C. Hauser, Colleen E. O'Leary, and Ferenc Puskas

Cerebral Oxygen Desaturation After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Patient with Raynaud's Phenomenon Detected by Near-Infrared Cerebral Oximetry (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1034-1036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We present a case report of a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon who developed cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy desaturation simultaneous with evidence of peripheral vasospasm during rewarming from mild hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. These findings are consistent with Raynaud's associated cerebral vasospasm.

Madhav Swaminathan, Georg B. Mackensen, Mihai V. Podgoreanu, Richard L. McCann, Joseph P. Mathew, and George C. Hughes

Spontaneous Echocardiographic Contrast Indicating Successful Endoleak Management (Echo Rounds)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1037-1039. [Full Text] [PDF] [Echo Loops]  [Request Permissions]  

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Anne M. Lynn, Heidi Bradford, Eric D. Kantor, Kok-Yong Seng, David H. Salinger, James Chen, Richard G. Ellenbogen, Paolo Vicini, and Gail D. Anderson

Postoperative Ketorolac Tromethamine Use in Infants Aged 6–18 Months: The Effect on Morphine Usage, Safety Assessment, and Stereo-Specific Pharmacokinetics
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1040-1051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This study, with the use of noncompartmental and compartmental models, describes the pharmacokinetics of ketorolac in infants and small children undergoing surgical procedures.

Michelle S. Kim, Charles J. Coté, Carmen Cristoloveanu, Andrew G. Roth, Polina Vornov, Melissa A. Jennings, John P. Maddalozzo, and Cristine Sullivan

There Is No Dose-Escalation Response to Dexamethasone (0.0625–1.0 mg/kg) in Pediatric Tonsillectomy or Adenotonsillectomy Patients for Preventing Vomiting, Reducing Pain, Shortening Time to First Liquid Intake, or the Incidence of Voice Change
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1052-1058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: There is no significant difference in five escalating doses of dexamethasone (0.0625-1.0 mg/kg) in children after adenotonsillectomy for preventing vomiting, reducing pain, or shortening time to first oral intake. The lowest dose of dexamethasone (0.0625 mg/kg) is as effective as the highest dose (1 mg/kg).

Maxime Cannesson, Clara Bionda, Bruno Gostoli, Olivier Raisky, Sylvie di Filippo, Dominique Bompard, Catherine Védrinne, Robert Rousson, Jean Ninet, Jean Neidecker, and Jean-Jacques Lehot

Time Course and Prognostic Value of Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide Concentration in Neonates Undergoing the Arterial Switch Operation
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1059-1065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: In infants undergoing an arterial switch procedure, B-type natriuretic peptide levels may have prognostic value.

John J. McAuliffe, Bernadin Joseph, and Charles V. Vorhees

Isoflurane-Delayed Preconditioning Reduces Immediate Mortality and Improves Striatal Function in Adult Mice After Neonatal Hypoxia–Ischemia
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1066-1077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Delayed preconditioning with isoflurane reduces mortality and improved striatal function in adult mice after a severe hypoxic-ischemic insult on Day 10 of life. However, spatial memory was not improved, nor was the degree of injury to the hippocampus.

Ibrahim S. Farid and Elizabeth J. Heiner

Intrathecal Local Anesthetic Infusion as a Treatment for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in a Child (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1078-1080. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This paper reports on the use of an intrathecal catheter and local anesthesia infusion for management of a child with a complex regional pain syndrome.

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA:

Tong J. Gan, Christian C. Apfel, Anthony Kovac, Beverly K. Philip, Neil Singla, Harold Minkowitz, Ashraf S. Habib, Jennifer Knighton, Alexandra D. Carides, Hong Zhang, Kevin J. Horgan, Judith K. Evans, Francasca C. Lawson, and The Aprepitant-PONV Study Group

A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison of the NK₁ Antagonist, Aprepitant, Versus Ondansetron for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1082-1089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Aprepitant and the active comparator ondansetron did not differ for the composite end point of no vomiting and no rescue 0-24 h after major surgery; aprepitant provided better protection against vomiting 0-24 h and 0-48 h.

ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY:

Edmond I. Eger, II, David Lemal, Michael J. Laster, Mark Liao, Katarzyna Jankowska, Anilkumar Raghavanpillai, Anatoliy V. Popov, Yonghong Gan, and Yan Lou

Anesthetic Properties of Some Fluorinated Oxolanes and Oxetanes
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1090-1097. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Although some fluorinated cyclic ethers can produce anesthesia, they do not appear to possess solubilities that would make them useful clinically.

Yi Zhang, Michael J. Laster, Edmond I. Eger, II, Manohar Sharma, and James M. Sonner

Lidocaine, MK-801, and MAC
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1098-1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Although lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker, and, thereby, might be predicted to decrease MAC by decreasing the release of N-methyl-d-aspartate from nerve terminals, this does not appear to be the primary means by which lidocaine decreases MAC.

Kenji Nishioka, Osamu Shibata, Masakazu Yamaguchi, Tetsuji Makita, and Koji Sumikawa

The Effects of Fentanyl on the Contractile Response of Ovalbumin-Sensitized Rat Trachea
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1103-1108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Although fentanyl affects airway responsiveness, the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Using sensitized rat trachea we found that fentanyl attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness by inhibition of cholinergic nerves on the smooth muscle. Fentanyl would be a relatively useful analgesic for patients with antigen-induced asthma.

Herng-Yu Sucie Chang, Alkis Togias, and Robert H. Brown

The Effects of Systemic Lidocaine on Airway Tone and Pulmonary Function in Asthmatic Subjects
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1109-1115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Lidocaine can reduce airway responsiveness to drugs that cause bronchospasm but does not reduce baseline airway tone. Instead, it caused a significant amount of increased tone and airway narrowing. Therefore, although lidocaine can prevent intubation-induced bronchospasm, the airways should be constantly monitored by auscultation, even during IV lidocaine administration.

Eichi Narimatsu, Tomohisa Niiya, Mikito Kawamata, and Akiyoshi Namiki

Lack in Effects of Therapeutic Concentrations of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine on the Neuromuscular Blocking Action of Rocuronium in Isolated Rat Diaphragms
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1116-1120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We demonstrated by in vitro experiments using rat diaphragms that very high, but not therapeutic, concentrations of clonidine and dexmedetomidine enhance the rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block mediating non-{alpha}-2 adrenergic mechanisms. The results imply that these {alpha}-2 adrenoceptor agonists do not influence nondepolarizing neuromuscular block at clinically relevant concentrations.

Ken Karashima, Masahiko Taniguchi, Tadashi Nakamura, Mayumi Takasaki, Kanako Matsuo, Mitsuru Irikura, and Tetsumi Irie

Prolongation of Intrathecal and Sciatic Nerve Blocks Using a Complex of Levobupivacaine with Maltosyl-ß-Cyclodextrin in Rats
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1121-1128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The complex of levobupivacaine with maltosyl-{beta}-cyclodextrin prolonged the anesthetic effect of levobupivacaine in both intrathecal and sciatic nerve blocks in rats. This complex may be used to prolong the effect of a long-acting local anesthetic such as levobupivacaine 1.4-2.0 times through a conduction block and to supply adequate postoperative analgesia.

Armin Kalenka, Jochen Hinkelbein, Robert E. Feldmann, Jr, Wolfgang Kuschinsky, Klaus F. Waschke, and Martin H. Maurer

The Effects of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Rat Brain Proteins: A Proteomic Time-Course Analysis
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1129-1135. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Data Supplement]  [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Changes in cerebral protein expression may persist for several days after anesthesia. In the present study, we showed that sevoflurane anesthesia induced direct changes in protein expression which persisted for 72 h after anesthesia. These changes may contribute to long-term effects such as neurocognitive dysfunction after anesthesia.

Mika Nakanishi, Takashi Mori, Kiyonobu Nishikawa, Makoto Sawada, Miyuki Kuno, and Akira Asada

The Effects of General Anesthetics on P2X₇ and P2Y Receptors in a Rat Microglial Cell Line
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1136-1144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Microglial cells coordinate inflammatory brain responses to hypoxia and trauma. Although anesthetics produce neuroprotective effects through neuronal mechanisms, little is known about how they modulate microglial responses in the pathological state. Our results suggest that IV anesthetics, particularly thiopental and propofol, may modulate microglial functions through P2X7 receptors in pathological conditions.

TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTING, AND SIMULATION:

Jochen Mayer, Joachim Boldt, Alexander Schellhaaß, Björn Hiller, and Stefan W. Suttner

Bispectral Index-Guided General Anesthesia in Combination with Thoracic Epidural Analgesia Reduces Recovery Time in Fast-Track Colon Surgery
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1145-1149. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Bispectral index-guided total IV anesthesia with propofol in combination with thoracic epidural analgesia reduces early recovery time and costs in patients undergoing fast-track open colon resection.

Renate Barker, Thomas Lang, Helmut Hager, Barbara Steinlechner, Klaus Hoerauf, Michael Zimpfer, and Alexander Kober

The Influence of Stellate Ganglion Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Signal Quality of Pulse Oximetry in Prehospital Trauma Care
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1150-1153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of the stellate ganglion may reduce the number and duration of oximeter signal alerts.

Warwick A. Ames, David B. Macleod, Allison K. Ross, Jeffrey Marcus, and Srinivasan Mukundan, Jr

The Novel Use of Computer-Generated Virtual Imaging to Assess the Difficult Pediatric Airway (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1154-1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Video Clip]  [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This case report demonstrates how 3D imaging can help to understand and manage difficult airway anatomy.

ECONOMICS, EDUCATION, AND POLICY:

Ruth E. Wachtel, Elisabeth U. Dexter, and Franklin Dexter

Application of a Similarity Index to State Discharge Abstract Data to Identify Opportunities for Growth of Surgical and Anesthesia Practices
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1157-1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Using publicly available health care data and an appropriate "similarity index," surgical and anesthesia practices can identify geographical regions with more than average growth potential. Anesthesia groups can forecast whether the cases at a new facility represent true growth or are cannibalized from another facility where they already practice.

CRITICL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Jae-Yong Chin, Younsuck Koh, Mi Joung Kim, Han Seong Kim, Woo-Sung Kim, Dong-Soon Kim, Won-Dong Kim, and Chae-Man Lim

The Effects of Hypothermia on Endotoxin-Primed Lung
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1171-1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Hypothermia reduces endotoxin-induced acute lung injury, even when applied after the onset of neutrophilic inflammation.

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

Sufang Yang, Anish Bhardwaj, Jian Cheng, Nabil J. Alkayed, Patricia D. Hurn, and Jeffrey R. Kirsch

Sigma Receptor Agonists Provide Neuroprotection In Vitro by Preserving bcl-2
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1179-1184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Sigma-1 receptor agonists appear to prevent ischemia-induced brain injury by a mechanism that is receptor-specific and is associated with enhanced antiapoptotic bcl-2 mRNA levels and preserved bcl-2 protein load.

Steven Roth, Avery Tung, and Susan Ksiazek

Visual Loss in a Prone-Positioned Spine Surgery Patient with the Head on a Foam Headrest and Goggles Covering the Eyes: An Old Complication with a New Mechanism (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1185-1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Eye protectors may be used to protect the eyes from injury in the prone position. However, as illustrated by this case, they can also result in significant eye injury.

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Cristian Arzola, Sharon Davies, Ayman Rofaeel, and Jose C. A. Carvalho

Ultrasound Using the Transverse Approach to the Lumbar Spine Provides Reliable Landmarks for Labor Epidurals
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1188-1192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This study was designed to assess the accuracy and precision of ultrasound, using the transverse approach, to facilitate placement of labor epidurals. Agreement between ultrasound depth and needle depth were compared and found to be statistically significant. Our findings suggest that ultrasound using the transverse approach may facilitate labor epidural insertion.

Nollag O'Rourke, Thomas McElrath, Richard Baum, William Camann, Ruth Tuomala, Alison Stuebe, and Bhavani Shankar Kodali

Cesarean Delivery in the Interventional Radiology Suite: A Novel Approach to Obstetric Hemostasis (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1193-1194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We propose that a single surgical-interventional radiology suite would produce more opportunities for new treatments and offer a superior solution for interdisciplinary work among surgeons, anesthesiologists, and radiologists.

GENERAL ARTICLES:

Cheng W. Li, Fu S. Xue, Ya C. Xu, Yi Liu, Peng Mao, Kun P. Liu, Quan Y. Yang, Guo H. Zhang, and Hai T. Sun

Cricoid Pressure Impedes Insertion of, and Ventilation Through, the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway in Anesthetized, Paralyzed Patients
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1195-1198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This prospective cross-over study demonstrated that cricoid pressure applied before insertion of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (ProSeal LMA) might prevent correct placement. Temporarily releasing cricoid pressure during insertion will facilitate advancing the ProSeal LMA to the proper position.

Albrecht H. K. Wobst

Hypnosis and Surgery: Past, Present, and Future (Review Article)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1199-1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

PAIN MEDICINE:

Igor Kissin, Cristina F. Freitas, and Edwin L. Bradley, Jr

Perineural Resiniferatoxin Prevents the Development of Hyperalgesia Produced by Loose Ligation of the Sciatic Nerve in Rats
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1210-1216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This study evaluated the potential of perineural resiniferatoxin (RTX) for prevention of neuropathy induced by peripheral nerve injury. Perineural RTX administered before surgery completely prevented ligation-induced reduction in withdrawal latency, increase in paw lift duration, and increase in withdrawal frequency to von Frey filaments. The preventive effect of RTX on the development of deficits in hindpaw posture was pronounced, but not complete.

William E. Ackerman, III and Mahmood Ahmad

The Efficacy of Lumbar Epidural Steroid Injections in Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniations
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1217-1222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Lumbar epidural steroid injection by the transforaminal approach is significantly more effective in providing pain relief than epidural steroid injection using the caudal or interlaminar approaches.

Bruce D. Dick and Saifudin Rashiq

Disruption of Attention and Working Memory Traces in Individuals with Chronic Pain
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1223-1229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Two-thirds of patients with chronic pain scored in the clinically impaired range on attentional tasks, associated with working memory processing difficulties.

Yuan-Shiou Huang, Liu-Chi Lin, Billy K. Huh, Michael J. Sheen, Chun-Chang Yeh, Chih-Shung Wong, and Ching-Tang Wu

Epidural Clonidine for Postoperative Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Dose–Response Study
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1230-1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: In this double blind, randomized study, we demonstrated that 1.0 {micro}g/mL of clonidine in an epidural mixture of morphine and ropivacaine resulted in the least use of supplemental analgesics, stable hemodynamic profiles, and minimal side effects during the 72 h period after total knee arthroplasty.

PAIN MECHANISMS:

Marie P. Van Remoortere, Theo F. Meert, Kris C. Vissers, Hans Coppenolle, and Hugo Adriaensen

Refinement of Symptoms of Neuropathic Pain Measurements After Various Transections of the Nerve Endings of the Sciatic and Femoral Nerve in Rats: An Exploratory Behavioral Analysis
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1236-1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The neuropathic pain behavior after transection of the three peripheral nerves of the rat hindlimb resulted in different degrees and severity of neuropathic pain behaviors. Transection of the tibial nerve alone, or in combination with the sural or the saphenous nerve, induces the development of neuropathic pain behavior characterized by the presence of mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia.

Tao Yan, Baogang Liu, Dongping Du, James C. Eisenach, and Chuanyao Tong

Estrogen Amplifies Pain Responses to Uterine Cervical Distension in Rats by Altering Transient Receptor Potential-1 Function
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1246-1250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Excitatory transient receptor potiential-1 channel (TRPV-1) function in the cervix is facilitated by estrogen, suggesting a role for these channels in certain acute and chronic cervical pain states and the potential therapeutic utility of TRPV1 antagonists.

Yu-Wen Chen, Koung-Shing Chu, Ching-Nan Lin, Jann-Inn Tzeng, Chin-Chen Chu, Mao-Tsun Lin, and Jhi-Joung Wang

Dextromethorphan or Dextrorphan Have a Local Anesthetic Effect on Infiltrative Cutaneous Analgesia in Rats
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1251-1255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Dextromethorphan and dextrorphan (its active metabolite) are local anesthetics with higher potency and potentially greater safety than lidocaine.

Mark A. Punke and Patrick Friederich

Amitriptyline Is a Potent Blocker of Human Kv1.1 and Kv7.2/7.3 Channels
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1256-1264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Amitriptyline potently blocks human Kv1.1 and Kv7.2/7.3 channels. Since amitriptyline inhibited these channels at toxicologically relevant plasma concentrations, our results suggest a role for these channels in the neuroexcitatory side effects of amitriptyline. The Kv7.2/7.3 opener retigabine reverses the effects of amitriptyline, indicating that a combination of both drugs could be of additional benefit in the therapy of neuropathic pain.

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA:

Peter Marhofer and Vincent W. S. Chan

Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia: Current Concepts and Future Trends (Medical Intelligence)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1265-1269. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Preliminary data, although limited, suggest that ultrasound-guided imaging during regional blockade may improve outcomes and decrease complications. Educational guidelines and large series studies are needed to establish training requirements and potential clinical benefits.

Vicente Domingo-Triadó, Salvador Selfa, Francisco Martínez, Dolores Sánchez-Contreras, Montserrat Reche, Jose Tecles, María T. Crespo, Jose M. Palanca, and Blanca Moro

Ultrasound Guidance for Lateral Midfemoral Sciatic Nerve Block: A Prospective, Comparative, Randomized Study (Medical Intelligence)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1270-1274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We analyzed the usefulness of ultrasound, combined with nerve stimulation, to block the sciatic nerve at the midfemoral level. Ultrasound guidance reduced the number of attempts for nerve localization and resulted in improved quality of sensory block and a better tolerance to pneumatic tourniquet.

Emmanuel Dingemans, Stephan R. Williams, Geneviève Arcand, Philippe Chouinard, Patrick Harris, Monique Ruel, and François Girard

Neurostimulation in Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Block: A Prospective Randomized Trial (Medical Intelligence)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1275-1280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block is more rapidly performed and yields a higher success rate when visualization of local anesthetic spread is used as the end point for injection rather than neurostimulation. Posterolateral spread of local anesthetic around the axillary artery predicts successful block and circumvents the need for direct nerve visualization.

Vincent W. S. Chan, Richard Brull, Colin J. L. McCartney, Daquan Xu, Sherif Abbas, and Patrick Shannon

An Ultrasonographic and Histological Study of Intraneural Injection and Electrical Stimulation in Pigs (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1281-1284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This animal study suggests that ultrasound may prove useful for detecting intraneural injection. Further, a motor response achieved above the conventional stimulating threshold of 0.5 mA may not exclude intraneural needle placement.

Paul E. Bigeleisen

Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Block in an Anticoagulated and Anesthetized Patient (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1285-1287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Ultrasound allowed direct visualization for performance of a brachial plexus block in an anticoagulated patient. This may have made the procedure safer.

Philip B. Cornish, Christopher J. Leaper, and Judy L. Hahn

The "Axillary Tunnel": An Anatomic Reappraisal of the Limits and Dynamics of Spread During Brachial Plexus Blockade (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1288-1291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Various anatomic factors may affect distribution of solution injected around the brachial plexus. Using computerized axial tomography dye studies, we introduce a new concept, the "axillary tunnel," to explain distribution.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR:

Richard K. Baumgarten

The Real Ultrasound Revolution
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1292. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Stuart Marshall and Brendan Flanagan

Cognitive Aids in a Simulated Anesthetic Crisis
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1292-1293. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

T. Kyle Harrison, Tanja Manser, Steven K. Howard, and David M. Gaba

Cognitive Aids in a Simulated Anesthetic Crisis
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1293. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Steven M. Neustein

Mirror-Guided Tracheal Intubation
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1293-1294. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Takeshi Yokoyama, Koichi Yamashita, and Masanobu Manabe

Mirror-Guided Tracheal Intubation
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1294. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Alan Milnes

Drug–Drug Interaction or a Local Anesthetic Overdose?
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1294. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Dennis E. Feierman and Sohail K. Mahboobi

Mepivacaine Overdosage Is More Likely a Cause of Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest than Drug–Drug Interaction
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1294. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Catherine Marcucci

Mepivacaine Overdosage Is More Likely a Cause of Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest than Drug–Drug Interaction
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1294-1295. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Olumuyiwa A. Bamgbade, Pema Dorje, and Matthew D. Caldwell

Hemostatic Impairment After Infusion of Hydroxyethyl Starch, Gelatin, and Albumin
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1295-1296. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Tomi T. Niemi

Hemostatic Impairment After Infusion of Hydroxyethyl Starch, Gelatin, and Albumin
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1296. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

K. Valchanov and F. Falter

Methylene Blue for CPB
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1296. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Andrew D. Maslow, Carl S. Schwartz, Gary Stearns, Parag Batula, Jeffrey Gough, and Arun K. Singh

Methylene Blue for CPB
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1296-1297. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Colin Royse

Is Depth of Anesthesia, as Assessed by the Bispectral Index, Related to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Recovery?
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1297. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Armin Schubert, Ehab Farag, and Edward J. Mascha

Is Depth of Anesthesia, as Assessed by the Bispectral Index, Related to Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Recovery?
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1297-1298. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Vijay Gaba

Correlation of the Depth of Anesthesia with POCD (Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1298. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Armin Schubert, Ehab Farag, and Edward J. Mascha

Correlation of the Depth of Anesthesia with POCD (Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction)
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1298-1299. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Walter G. Maurer

Ambulatory Anesthesia: Whither Thou Goest
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1299. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Steven L. Shafer

Ambulatory Anesthesia: Whither Thou Goest
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1299-1300. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Jonathan Z. Pan, Roderic G. Eckenhoff, and Maryellen F. Eckenhoff

Limitations of Microarray Studies
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1300-1301. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Ira J. Rampil

Limitations of Microarray Studies
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1301-1302. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Adam B. Lerner

Aprotinin’s Effect on ACT is Not an Artifact
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1302. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Charles W. Hogue and Martin J. London

Aprotinin’s Effect on ACT is Not an Artifact
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1302-1303. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Nir Hoftman

Cricoid Pressure Not Protective in Patients that have Undergone Esophagectomy
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1303. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Tetsuro Sakai, Raymond M. Planinsic, and Ibetsam I. Hilmi

Cricoid Pressure Not Protective in Patients that have Undergone Esophagectomy
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1303. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Elie Joseph Chidiac and Samuel Perov

Outpatient Continuous Peripheral Nerve Catheters
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1303-1304. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Jeffrey D. Swenson and Byron Bankhead

Outpatient Continuous Peripheral Nerve Catheters
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1304-1305. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Mark D. Nissen and James M. Gayes

An Inflatable, Multichambered Upper Body Support for the Placement of the Obese Patient in the Head-Elevated Laryngoscopy Position
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1305-1306. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Anne B. Wong and Michael S. R. Moore

Positioning of Obese Patients in Out-of-Operating Room Locations
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1306. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Jesse Marymont, Steven Greenberg, and Mark Deshur

Preoperative Antibiotic Administration and the Surgical "Time Out"
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1306-1307. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Akihiro Suzuki, Akihito Tampo, Nobuko Abe, Sayuri Minami, Osamu Takahata, and Hiroshi Iwasaki

The LMA Fastrack^TM Endotracheal Tube Facilitates the Use of the Bullard Laryngoscope
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1307. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Mindaugas Pranevicius, Jung K. Park, Elliot Cowart, Leonard Golden, Algirdas Rucinskas, and Osvaldas Pranevicius

Using Two Needles for Multiple Injection Nerve Blocks Avoids Manipulation After Local Anesthetic Injection
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1308. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Bai-Han Li and Price Bradshaw, III

Intravascularly Administered Epinephrine, Injected Inadvertently as Part of an Epidural Test Dose, Failed to Elicit Tachycardia in a Patient Using Timolol Eye Drops
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1308-1309. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Brian A. Williams, Monica A. Bolland, Steven L. Orebaugh, Matthew T. Bottegal, and Michael L. Kentor

Skin Reactions at the Femoral Perineural Catheter Insertion Site: Retrospective Summary of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1309-1310. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Stacy L. Jones

Daze of the Dolphin
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1310. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Ji H. Hong

Herniation of the Lateral Head of the Gastrocnemius Muscle: Is It the Source of the Posterolateral Knee Pain?
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1310-1311. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Hemanshu Prabhakar, Virendra Jain, Girija P. Rath, Parmod K. Bithal, and Hari H. Dash

Stellate Ganglion Block as Alternative to Intrathecal Papaverine in Relieving Vasospasm Due to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1311-1312. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Mark A. Hamilton and Anil Patel

Laryngeal Mask Airway and Tonsillectomy: A Question of Training
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1312-1313. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Rajesh Mahajan, Sushil Kumar, and Rahul Gupta

Prevention of Aspiration of Nasopharyngeal Airway
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1313. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Jamie Taylor, Patrick J. Neligan, and Clifford S. Deutschman

Critical Care Medicine: The Essentials, 3rd ed.
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1314-1315. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Peter D. Slinger

Nunn’s Applied Respiratory Physiology, 6th ed.
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1315-1316. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Merel H. Harmel

Roy Vandam: Life and Art
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1316. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Susan L. Polk

Blueprints Pocket Anesthesiology
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1316-1317. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Gregory A. Nuttall

Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice, 5th ed.
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1317. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

BOOKS RECEIVED
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1317. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ERRATA:

DUPLICATE PUBLICATION
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1022. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ERRATUM
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1033. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ERRATUM
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1108. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ERRATUM
Anesth Analg 2007 104: 1144. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

To see an article, click its [Full Text] or [PDF] link. To review many abstracts, check the boxes to the left of the titles you want, and click the 'Get All Checked Abstract(s)' button. To see one abstract at a time, click its [Abstract] link.