CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Hilary P. Grocott, Huaxin Sheng, Yoshihide Miura, Shiva Sarraf-Yazdi, G. Burkhard Mackensen, Robert D. Pearlstein, and David S. Warner

The Effects of Aprotinin on Outcome from Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 1-7. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Aprotinin offers no neuroprotection against either global or focal cerebral ischemia in the rat when administered as a single preischemic bolus.

Albert T. Cheung, Joseph E. Bavaria, Alberto Pochettino, Stuart J. Weiss, David K. Barclay, and Mark M. Stecker

Oxygen Delivery During Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion in Humans
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 8-15. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Examining the time course of oxygen extraction, carbon dioxide production, and pH changes from the retrograde cerebral perfusate provided a means to assess metabolic activity during hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Jean L. Joris, Etienne E. Hamoir, Gary M. Hartstein, Michel R. Meurisse, Bernard M. Hubert, Corinne J. Charlier, and Maurice L. Lamy

Hemodynamic Changes and Catecholamine Release During Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy for Pheochromocytoma
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 16-21. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy, now used for adrenalectomy, may complicate anesthetic management of patients with pheochromocytoma. In this study, laparoscopic adrenalectomy was associated with catecholamine release during the creation of pneumoperitoneum and tumor manipulation. Adjustments of a nicardipine infusion readily attenuated the subsequent hemodynamic aberrancies.

Eric P. van Dongen, Huub T. ter Beek, Marc A. Schepens, Wim J. Morshuis, Han J. Langemeijer, Anthonius de Boer, and Eduard H. Boezeman

Within-Patient Variability of Myogenic Motor-Evoked Potentials to Multipulse Transcranial Electrical Stimulation During Two Levels of Partial Neuromuscular Blockade in Aortic Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 22-27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study shows that six-pulse (rather than two-pulse) transcranial electrical stimulation during a stable anesthetic state and a stable neuromuscular blockade aimed at 45%–55% (rather than 5%–15%) of baseline provides reliable and recordable muscle responses sufficiently robust for spinal cord monitoring in aortic surgery.

Edda M. Tschernko, Meinhard Kritzinger, Eva M. Gruber, Ursula Jantsch-Watzinger, Oliver Jandrasits, Peter Mares, Wilfried Wisser, Walter Klepetko, and Wolfram Haider

Lung Volume Reduction Surgery: Preoperative Functional Predictors for Postoperative Outcome
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 28-33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We examined the preoperative ventilatory mechanics of patients with emphysema undergoing lung volume reduction surgery with respect to their value in predicting outcome. Preoperative intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure correlated well with the increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 s after surgery. Thus, this variable seems promising for improved patient selection.

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Peter J. Davis, James A. Greenberg, Marla Gendelman, and Kathleen Fertal

Recovery Characteristics of Sevoflurane and Halothane in Preschool-Aged Children Undergoing Bilateral Myringotomy and Pressure Equalization Tube Insertion
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 34-38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We conclude that the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing ultrashort anesthetic procedures is similar for sevoflurane and halothane and that ketorolac markedly diminishes emergence agitation and/or pain behavior.

James L. Rothschiller, Tetsu Uejima, Richard M. Dsida, and Charles J. Coté

Evaluation of a New Operating Room Ventilator with Volume-Controlled Ventilation: The Ohmeda 7900
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 39-42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In this study, we compared the effects of changing fresh gas flow on volume-controlled ventilation using two operating room ventilators (Ohmeda 7000 and Ohmeda 7900). The Ohmeda 7900, but not the Ohmeda 7000, provided stable ventilatory variables with fresh gas flows between 1.5 and 6.0 L/min.

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

Bruno Grenier, Eric Verchère, Abdelghani Mesli, Marc Dubreuil, Daniel Siao, Monique Vandendriessche, Jacques Calès, and Pierre Maurette

Capnography Monitoring During Neurosurgery: Reliability in Relation to Various Intraoperative Positions
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 43-48. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study, which aimed to reevaluate the ability of PETCO₂ to estimate PaCO₂ during neurosurgical procedures according to surgical position, indicates that PETCO₂ cannot replace PaCO₂ for the following reasons: scattering of individual values; occurrence of negative arterial to end-tidal CO₂ gradient (P[a-ET]CO₂; PaCO₂ and PETCO₂ variations in opposite directions; large changes in P(a-ET)CO₂ between two samples; and instability of P(a-ET)CO₂ over time.

Vanna Soonthon-Brant, Piyush M. Patel, John C. Drummond, Daniel J. Cole, Paul J. Kelly, and Mary Watson

Fentanyl Does Not Increase Brain Injury After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 49-55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Fentanyl is commonly used in surgical procedures in which there is a substantial risk of focal cerebral ischemia. Fentanyl did not affect cerebral injury produced by focal ischemia in the rat. The data suggest that, in doses that produce respiratory depression and muscle rigidity, fentanyl does not reduce the tolerance of the brain to a focal ischemic insult.

Hiroya Wakamatsu, Mishiya Matsumoto, Kazuhiko Nakakimura, and Takefumi Sakabe

The Effects of Moderate Hypothermia and Intrathecal Tetracaine on Glutamate Concentrations of Intrathecal Dialysate and Neurologic and Histopathologic Outcome in Transient Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rabbits
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 56-62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Sodium channel blockers, including local anesthetics, have been shown to reduce glutamate release in brain ischemia and have a neuroprotective effect. However, in the present study, intrathecal tetracaine did not attenuate either glutamate release or the neurologic or histopathologic outcome in spinal cord ischemia, whereas moderate hypothermia did.

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Hajo Schneck, Michaela Scheller, Richard Wagner, Burkhard von Hundelshausen, and Eberhard Kochs

Anesthesia for Cesarean Section and Acid Aspiration Prophylaxis: A German Survey
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 63-66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: According to a countrywide survey, the use of regional anesthesia for cesarean section and pharmacological prophylaxis of acid aspiration syndrome is considerably less common in Germany than in the United States, United Kingdom, or other European countries.

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

P. S. Thomas, T. S. Hakim, L. Q. Trang, S. I. Hosain, and E. M. Camporesi

The Synergistic Effect of Sympathectomy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure on Transcutaneous PO₂ in Healthy Volunteers
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 67-71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Sympathetic nerve block of the extremities markedly enhances tissue oxygen delivery during hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Sympathectomy may be a beneficial adjunct treatment to hyperbaric oxygen in peripheral vascular insufficiency.

ECONOMICS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH:

Franklin Dexter and Alex Macario

Decrease in Case Duration Required to Complete an Additional Case During Regularly Scheduled Hours in an Operating Room Suite: A Computer Simulation Study
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 72-76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Computer simulation shows decreasing case duration is unlikely to create sufficient operating room time to reliably permit an additional case to be scheduled for completion during working hours. Additional cases may best be added to the operating room suite schedule by optimizing case scheduling, not by decreasing the duration of all cases in the suite.

Stefan Suttner, Joachim Boldt, Christian Schmidt, Swen Piper, and Bernhard Kumle

Cost Analysis of Target-Controlled Infusion-Based Anesthesia Compared with Standard Anesthesia Regimens
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 77-82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In today's climate of cost-consciousness, careful economic evaluation of new anesthetic regimens is necessary. A target-controlled infusion (TCI)-based total IV anesthesia (TIVA) regimen using propofol and remifentanil was compared with a standard propofol anesthesia regimen and an inhaled anesthetic technique using isoflurane. Target-controlled infusion/total IV anesthesia was associated with the largest intraoperative costs but allowed the most rapid recovery from anesthesia, was associated with fewest postoperative side effects, and permitted earlier discharge from the postanesthesia care unit.

Paul S. Myles, Jennifer O. Hunt, Claire E. Nightingale, Helen Fletcher, Terence Beh, Deral Tanil, Attila Nagy, Alan Rubinstein, and Jennie L. Ponsford

Development and Psychometric Testing of a Quality of Recovery Score After General Anesthesia and Surgery in Adults
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 83-90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We set out to develop a patient-rated quality of recovery score (QoR) that could be used both as a measure of outcome in perioperative trials and for clinical audit. We first surveyed patients and staff to identify important aspects of recovery, then developed a nine-point QoR Score. This was then compared with other measures of postoperative outcome. We found that the QoR Score is a useful measure of recovery after anesthesia and surgery.

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MANAGEMENT:

Misuzu Nishiyama, Keiko Naganuma, and Yoshikiyo Amaki

A New Approach for Brachial Plexus Block Under Fluoroscopic Guidance
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 91-97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A new fluoroscopically guided approach for brachial plexus block has been established on the basis of anatomical and radiological studies to be reliable, easy to perform, and associated with a low complication rate.

Ali Habibi, Clifford Schmeising, and J. C. Gerancher

Interscalene Regional Anesthesia in the Prevention of Autonomic Hyperreflexia in a Quadriplegic Patient Undergoing Shoulder Surgery (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 98-99. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Ömer Kurtipek, Mehmet Oral, Hülya Teltik Basar, Ibrahim Asik, Yesim Ates, Isinsu Kuzu, Esra Erdemli, Feyhan Ökten, and Filiz Tüzüner

Histopathologic Changes After Repetitive Peridural Administration of Metoclopramide in Dogs (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 100-102. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Allen H. Hord, Donald D. Denson, Michael J. Huerkamp, and John G. Seiler, III

Changes in Rat Paw Perfusion After Experimental Mononeuropathy: Assessment by Laser Doppler Fluxmetry
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 103-108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Our data suggest that loss of sympathetic tone in thermoregulatory arteriovenous anastomoses leads to decreased nutritional blood flow to the skin of the affected limb after chronic constriction injury, which is consistent with the findings reported in humans with reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Maree T. Smith, Andrew W. E. Wright, Bronwyn E. Williams, Gordon Stuart, and Tess Cramond

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Concentrations of Morphine, Morphine-3-Glucuronide, and Morphine-6-Glucuronide in Patients Before and After Initiation of Intracerebroventricular Morphine for Cancer Pain Management
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 109-116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: After initiation of intracerebroventricular morphine, cancer patients experienced excellent pain relief. Although the mean morphine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid increased 50-fold relative to preventriculostomy levels, rapid dose increases did not occur, which suggests that increased cerebrospinal fluid morphine levels are unlikely to be the main cause of analgesic tolerance.

Wolfgang Koppert, Rudolf Likar, Gerd Geisslinger, Susanne Zeck, Martin Schmelz, and Reinhard Sittl

Peripheral Antihyperalgesic Effect of Morphine to Heat, but Not Mechanical, Stimulation in Healthy Volunteers after Ultraviolet-B Irradiation
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 117-122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The peripheral analgesic effects of morphine were studied using modified IV regional anesthesia. When administered 1 day after the induction of dermal inflammation, morphine 0.01% diminished heat, but not primary mechanical, hyperalgesia. Therefore, suppression of mechanical hyperalgesia seen in previous studies could be predominantly due to inhibition of secondary (central) mechanical hyperalgesia.

Shinichi Sakura, Mariko Sumi, Hiroyuki Kushizaki, Yoji Saito, and Yoshihiro Kosaka

Concentration of Lidocaine Affects Intensity of Sensory Block During Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 123-127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The effects of local anesthetic concentration and volume on the quality of epidural anesthesia have not been adequately investigated. The results of the present study suggest that the concentration affects the intensity of sensory block during epidural anesthesia with lidocaine.

Gerhard Brodner, Norbert Mertes, Hugo Van Aken, Esther Pogatzki, Hartmut Buerkle, Marco A. Marcus, and Thomas Mollhoff

Epidural Analgesia with Local Anesthetics After Abdominal Surgery: Earlier Motor Recovery with 0.2% Ropivacaine Than 0.175% Bupivacaine
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 128-133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Regarding pain relief and side effects, epidural analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2% and sufentanil 1 µg/mL yields pain scores and pain intensity comparable to those for the well evaluated combination of bupivacaine 0.175% and sufentanil 1 µg/mL. However, earlier recovery of the ability to walk unassisted in patients receiving the combination of ropivacaine and sufentanil may result in their earlier rehabilitation.

Marylin Lauwers, Frederic Camu, Harald Breivik, Anders Hagelberg, Michael Rosen, Robert Sneyd, Allan Horn, Druscilla Noronha, and Soraya Shaikh

The Safety and Effectiveness of Remifentanil as an Adjunct Sedative for Regional Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 134-140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In this dose-finding, placebo-controlled study, remifentanil infusions were used to provide sedation during spinal and brachial plexus regional anesthesia. The 50% effective dose for achievement of sedation was 0.043 µg · kg^-1 · min^-1. Return to alertness occurred after 10–12 min (median time). Remifentanil infusions can be used to supplement regional anesthesia, but this requires careful monitoring of ventilation.

Wolfgang Reimann, Harald Schlütz, and Norma Selve

The Antinociceptive Effects of Morphine, Desipramine, and Serotonin and Their Combinations After Intrathecal Injection in the Rat
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 141-145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Pain sensations are modulated at the spinal level by opioids, noradrenergic drugs, and serotonin. Using a rat model, we showed that the concurrent use of drugs from each of these classes produces good pain control at doses that should avoid the side effects associated with larger doses of each individual drug.

Robert Slappendel, Eric W. G. Weber, Marian L. T. Bugter, and Ris Dirksen

The Intensity of Preoperative Pain Is Directly Correlated with the Amount of Morphine Needed for Postoperative Analgesia
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 146-148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In this study, we showed that severity of preoperative pain intensity relates to postoperative pain levels and morphine consumption. Patients scheduled for total hip surgery with severe preoperative pain require more postoperative morphine in the first 24 h.

Brian Fredman, Edna Zohar, Eli Golan, Michael Tillinger, Jacques Bernheim, and Robert Jedeikin

Diclofenac Does Not Decrease Renal Blood Flow or Glomerular Filtration In Elderly Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 149-154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: As determined by inulin and paraaminohippurate clearance, the intraoperative administration of diclofenac does not decrease glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow in normovolemic geriatric patients. Therefore, diclofenac may be administered during the perioperative period.

Shigeo Ohmura, Toshikazu Ohta, Ken Yamamoto, and Tsutomu Kobayashi

A Comparison of the Effects of Propofol and Sevoflurane on the Systemic Toxicity of Intravenous Bupivacaine in Rats
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 155-159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In anesthetized patients, dysrhythmias may be the only warning sign of intravascular injection of bupivacaine. Because propofol has a wider margin of safety than sevoflurane, life-threatening cardiovascular depression may be prevented by stopping the injection of bupivacaine at the onset of dysrhythmias during propofol anesthesia.

Åsa Österlund, Eva Arlander, Lars I. Eriksson, and Sten G. E. Lindahl

The Effects on Resting Ventilation of Intravenous Infusions of Morphine or Sameridine, a Novel Molecule with Both Local Anesthetic and Opioid Properties
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 160-165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Sameridine, a molecule with both local anesthetic and analgesic properties, impaired resting ventilation after a large IV dose (0.73 mg/kg), more so than 0.10 mg/kg IV morphine. A clinical dose of sameridine (0.15 mg/kg) did not have any effects on ventilation.

Brenda A. Bucklin, John H. Tinker, and Carl V. Smith

Clinical Dilemma: A Patient with Postdural Puncture Headache and Acute Leukemia (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 166-167. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

GENERAL ARTICLES:

Thomas S. McDowell, Joseph J. Pancrazio, Paula Q. Barrett, and Carl Lynch, III

Volatile Anesthetic Sensitivity of T-Type Calcium Currents in Various Cell Types
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 168-173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Using the patch clamp technique, we showed that T-type calcium channels, which promote cellular excitability, are inhibited by volatile anesthetics in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, but not in ventricular myocytes. Inhibition of neuronal T-type channels may contribute to the mechanism of action of volatile anesthetics.

Ryosuke Furuya, Keikou Oka, Itaru Watanabe, Yoshinori Kamiya, Hideki Itoh, and Tomio Andoh

The Effects of Ketamine and Propofol on Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and P_2X Purinoceptors in PC12 Cells
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 174-180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Ketamine (at smaller than clinically relevant concentrations) and propofol (at larger than clinically relevant concentrations) inhibited neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated current in PC12 cells, which possess the receptors that resemble those in postganglionic sympathetic neurons. These findings are not consistent with in vivo experiments, which suggests that effects from other systems, such as the central nervous system, are of importance.

Fumio Otsuka, Kiyoshi Morita, Mamoru Takeuchi, Takayoshi Yamauchi, Toshio Ogura, Kyouichi Sekine, Masakazu Miura, Masahisa Hirakawa, and Hirofumi Makino

The Effects of Intrinsic Vasopressin on Urinary Aquaporin-2 Excretion and Urine Osmolality During Surgery Under General Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 181-187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The excessive increase of intrinsic vasopressin exactly augmented urinary aquaporin-2 excretion, resulting in urine concentration; however, anesthesia seemed to modify this process possibly by interfering with the aquaporin-2 action.

Xing-guo Sun, Feng Su, Yang-Qiang Shi, and Chingmuh Lee

The "Second Gas Effect" Is Not a Valid Concept
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 188-192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We studied the effects of N₂O on the ratio of alveolar (end-tidal) concentration to inspired concentration of the second gas (enflurane) and on its blood concentration in humans. Nitrous oxide did not affect the alveolar or blood concentration of the second gas under controlled constant volume ventilation. The "second gas effect" is not a valid concept.

Luis A. Gaitini, Sonia J. Vaida, Mostafa Somri, Milo Fradis, and Bruce Ben-David

Fiberoptic-Guided Airway Exchange of the Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube® in Spontaneously Breathing Versus Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 193-196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We describe the replacement of the Combitube® by an endotracheal tube by the aid of fiberoptic bronchoscopy and without interruption of airway control or ventilation. The performance of this technique was facilitated by spontaneous ventilation compared with mechanical ventilation.

Kate Leslie, Colin C. Iatrou, Karin Jones, and Geoffrey H. Beemer

Common Peroneal Nerve Stimulation for Neuromuscular Monitoring: Evaluation in Awake Volunteers and Anesthetized Patients
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 197-203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Accurate neuromuscular monitoring is important for patient safety. We studied the accuracy of monitoring at the common peroneal nerve in volunteers and patients. An exploratory electrode accurately located the common peroneal nerve. Monitoring at the common peroneal nerve was not equivalent to monitoring at the ulnar nerve in patients.

Takashi Asai and Ian Power

Naloxone Inhibits Gastric Emptying in the Rat
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 204-208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Although naloxone is generally considered to be a pure opioid receptor antagonist, it delays gastric emptying of saline or milk, as does morphine in the rat. However, it is uncertain from our results whether naloxone inhibited gastric emptying by antagonizing the effects of endogenous opioids.

Ireneusz Wachowski, Donald T. Jolly, Jiri Hrazdil, John C. Galbraith, Maria Greacen, and Alexander S. Clanachan

The Growth of Microorganisms in Propofol and Mixtures of Propofol and Lidocaine
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 209-212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Local anesthetics such as lidocaine have antimicrobial activity. Propofol supports the growth of bacteria responsible for infection. Bacteria were added to propofol and propofol mixed with lidocaine. The addition of lidocaine to propofol in clinically relevant concentrations did not prevent the growth of bacteria. The addition of lidocaine to propofol cannot prevent infection from contaminated propofol.

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Fu S. Xue, Bai W. Li, Guo S. Zhang, Xu Liao, Yan M. Zhang, Jian H. Liu, Gang An, and Lai K. Luo

The Influence of Surgical Sites on Early Postoperative Hypoxemia in Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 213-219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We found that the severity of arterial desaturation and the incidence of hypoxemia during the early postoperative period are closely related to the surgical sites and are strongest for thoracoabdominal surgery, less for upper abdominal surgery, and least for peripheral surgery.

CASE REPORTS:

Scott M. Kuhnert, Ronald J. Faust, Keith H. Berge, and David G. Piepgras

Postoperative Macroglossia: Report of a Case with Rapid Resolution After Extubation of the Trachea
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 220-223. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Uwe Klein, Waheedullah Karzai, Reiner Gottschall, Michael Gugel, and Martin Bartel

Respiratory Gas Monitoring During High-Frequency Jet Ventilation for Tracheal Resection Using a Double-Lumen Jet Catheter
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 224-226. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

Nadia G. Elsharkawi

Simple Pediatric Analog Sedation Score (PASS)
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 227. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

A. Ferrando, I. Garutti, C. Pulido, S. Diaz-Ruano, E. Garcia De Lucas, Ervant V. Nishanian, and Nishan G. Goudsouzian

Carbon Dioxide Embolism in an Infant • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 227-228. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Pekka O. Talke and Huong Nguyen

Concept for Easy Fiberoptic Intubation Via a Laryngeal Airway Mask
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 228-229. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Sean S. Adams, Denise J. Wedel, and Terese T. Horlocker

The Titanic Is Not the Best Analogy for Enoxaparin • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 229. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

John W. W. Gothard, Ruchi Gupta, S. K. Singhal, K. N. Rattan, Balbir Chhabra, and Peter P. C. Tan

Endobronchial Intubation in Infants and Small Children • Response • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 229-230. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Prabhat Kumar Sinha, Jyotish Chandra Pandey, Prakash K. Dubey, P. K. Singh, and Surendra Singh

Cloth Band: Another Unusual Cause of Difficult Endotracheal Intubation
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 230-231. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Ravi P. Mahajan and Sven-Erik Ricksten

The Effects of Propofol on Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and Cerebral Oxygen Extraction During Cardiopulmonary Bypass • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 231-232. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

H. Nagi and P. C. Brown

Undetected Hole in a Laryngeal Mask
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 232-233. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Roland Walz, Shawn Davis, and Bernhard Panning

Is the Combitube^TM a Useful Emergency Airway Device for Anesthesiologists?
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 233. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Sarla Hooda

Where Wrong Practice Is a Necessity
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 233. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Akira Shogase, Koh Mizutani, and Yoshiro Toyoda

Protecting Ohmeda 7900 Ventilator Flow Sensor^TM
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 234. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Hans Blomquist, Gunnar Dahlgren, Mark A. Chaney, Andrea G. Schellenberg, and Michael F. Roizen

Anesthesia: Biologic Foundations • Port-Access^TM Cardiac Surgery for the Anesthesiology • Anesthesiology Pocket Guide. • Clinical Anesthesia Procedures of the Massachusetts General Hospital. • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 1999 88: 235-236. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

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