EDITORIALS:

Tom C. Krejcie and Michael J. Avram

What Determines Anesthetic Induction Dose? It's the Front-End Kinetics, Doctor!
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 541. [Full Text]  

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Richard N. Upton, Guy L. Ludbrook, Cliff Grant, and Allison M. Martinez

Cardiac Output is a Determinant of the Initial Concentrations of Propofol After Short-Infusion Administration
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 545. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: The initial arterial concentrations of propofol after IV administration were shown to be inversely related to cardiac output. This implies that cardiac output may be a determinant of the induction of anesthesia with propofol.

Karen L. Posner, Gail A. Van Norman, and Victor Chan

Adverse Cardiac Outcomes After Noncardiac Surgery in Patients with Prior Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 553. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Hospital records showed patients with prior percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were twice as likely as healthy patients to have an adverse cardiac outcome after noncardiac surgery, although their risk was reduced by half compared with patients with untreated coronary artery disease. Further study of the role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in modulating noncardiac surgery risk is needed.

Renyu Liu, Yuichi Ishibe, Mayumi Ueda, and Yannan Hang

Isoflurane Administration Before Ischemia and During Reperfusion Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Injury of Isolated Rabbit Lungs
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 561. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Our results suggest that the administration of isoflurane before ischemia and during reperfusion protects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in isolated rabbit lungs.

Staffan Söderström, Johan Sellgren, and Johan Pontén

Aortic and Radial Pulse Contour: Different Effects of Nitroglycerin and Prostacyclin
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 566. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We studied ascending aortic and radial pulse contours in patients scheduled for coronary artery surgery. The radial pulse wave can be used for interpretation of central hemodynamic changes during nitroglycerin-, but not prostacyclin-, induced hypotension.

Yoshinari Niimi, Fumito Ichinose, Yoshiki Ishiguro, Katsuo Terui, Shoichi Uezono, Shigeho Morita, and Shingo Yamane

The Effects of Heparin Coating of Oxygenator Fibers on Platelet Adhesion and Protein Adsorption
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 573. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Heparin coating can reduce platelet adhesion and activation in the presence of small-dose heparinization, potentially reducing the inflammatory response and activation of thrombosis and fibrinolysis.

S. C. Kettner, O. P. Panzer, S. A. Kozek, F. A. Seibt, B. Stoiser, J. Kofler, G. J. Locker, and M. Zimpfer

Use of abciximab-Modified Thrombelastography in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 580. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We examined the use of abciximab-modified thrombelastography in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Modification of thrombelastography with abciximab-fab allows prediction of fibrinogen levels, despite coagulation altered by cardiac surgery. The difference of standard maximum amplitude and abciximab-modified maximum amplitude correlates with platelet function when expressed in dynes per square centimeter.

C. Michael White, Alisha Dunn, James Tsikouris, Witold Waberski, Kathy Felton, Linda Freeman-Bosco, Satyendra Giri, and Jeffrey Kluger

An Assessment of the Safety of Short-Term Amiodarone Therapy in Cardiac Surgical Patients with Fentanyl-Isoflurane Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 585. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: In previous retrospective studies and case reports, investigators have identified a possible risk of hemodynamic compromise when patients receiving chronic amiodarone therapy are given anesthesia regimens containing fentanyl. We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study to evaluate the hemodynamic effects of short-term amiodarone therapy during fentanyl-isoflurane anesthesia for open heart surgery. No adverse hemodynamic effects of amiodarone were identified.

Claude Lentschener, Philippe Cottin, Hervé Bouaziz, Frederic J. Mercier, Martine Wolf, Yasser Aljabi, Catherine Boyer-Neumann, and Dan Benhamou

Reduction of Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirement by Aprotinin in Posterior Lumbar Spine Fusion
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 590. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: In our study, aprotinin therapy significantly decreased autologous, but not homologous, transfusion requirements in posterior lumbar spine fusion.

George N. Djaiani, Davy C. H. Cheng, Jo A. Carroll, Mark Yudin, and Jacek M. Karski

Fast-Track Cardiac Anesthesia in Patients with Sickle Cell Abnormalities
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 598. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Fast-track cardiac anesthesia can be used safely in patients with sickle cell trait undergoing first-time coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Extubation time and intensive care unit and hospital length of stay are comparable to those of matched controls, and blood loss and transfusion requirements are not increased. A hematocrit of 20% seems to be a safe transfusion trigger during cardiopulmonary bypass in these patients.

Weiguo Zhou, H. Jerrel Fontenot, Shi-Nan Wang, and Richard H. Kennedy

Propofol-Induced Alterations in Myocardial ß-Adrenoceptor Binding and Responsiveness
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 604. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Experiments in membranes and cardiac preparations isolated from rat heart demonstrate that relatively high concentrations of propofol (25–200 µM) are required to antagonize ß-adrenoceptor binding and tissue responsiveness.

Stewart J Lustik, Jacek Wojtczak, and Ashwani K. Chhibber

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Simulating Inferior Myocardial Infarction in a Cocaine Abuser for Urgent Dilation and Evacuation of the Uterus (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 609. [Full Text]  

Georgia Kostopanagiotou, Vassilios Smyrniotis, Nikolaos Arkadopoulos, Kassiani Theodoraki, Lila Papadimitriou, and John Papadimitriou

Anesthetic and Perioperative Management of Adult Transplant Recipients in Nontransplant Surgery (Review Article)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 613. [Full Text]  

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA:

Beverly K. Philip, Lisa L. Lombard, Edward R. Roaf, Leslie R. Drager, Ignatius Calalang, and James H. Philip

Comparison of Vital Capacity Induction with Sevoflurane to Intravenous Induction with Propofol for Adult Ambulatory Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 623. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: A vital capacity induction with sevoflurane produced a faster loss of consciousness and had side effects, recovery times, and patient satisfaction similar to that of a propofol induction in adults undergoing ambulatory surgery.

Girish P. Joshi, Sandeep A. Garg, Amaha Hailey, and Song Y. Yu

The Effects of Antagonizing Residual Neuromuscular Blockade by Neostigmine and Glycopyrrolate on Nausea and Vomiting After Ambulatory Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 628. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: In this study, we showed that the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and the need for antiemetics do not increase with the use of neostigmine and glycopyrrolate for reversal of residual muscle paralysis.

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Makoto Tanaka and Toshiaki Nishikawa

The Efficacy of a Simulated Intravascular Test Dose in Sevoflurane-Anesthetized Children: A Dose-Response Study
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 632. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: To determine whether an epidurally administered local anesthetic has been unintentionally injected into a blood vessel, a small dose of epinephrine is often added to a local anesthetic. We found that an increase in T-wave amplitude 25% in lead II and a heart rate increase 10 bpm are useful indicators for detecting the accidental intravascular injection of a small dose of epinephrine in sevoflurane-anesthetized children.

G. W. Stevenson, Babette Horn, Michael Tobin, Edwin H. Chen, Michael Sautel, Steven C. Hall, and Charles J. Coté

Pressure-Limited Ventilation of Infants with Low-Compliance Lungs: The Efficacy of an Adult Circle System Versus Two Free-Standing Intensive Care Unit Ventilator Systems Using an In Vitro Model
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 638. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Our laboratory investigation suggests that pressure-limited ventilation delivered by a standard adult circle system compares favorably with that of freestanding infant ventilators used in pressure-limited mode. Changing from an adult circle system to a free-standing pressure-limited ventilator may not substantially improve ventilation of a low-compliance infant lung; the efficacy of such a practice should be investigated.

Donna Gandini and Joseph R. Brimacombe

Neonatal Resuscitation with the Laryngeal Mask Airway in Normal and Low Birth Weight Infants (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 642. [Full Text]  

Lisa W. Faberowski and Michael J. Banner

The Imposed Work of Breathing Is Less with the Laryngeal Mask Airway Compared with Endotracheal Tubes (Technical Communication)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 644. [Full Text]  

Joel B. Gunter, Theresa Gregg, Anna M. Varughese, Eric P. Wittkugel, Richard E. Berlin, Daniel A. Ness, and Deanna E. Overbeck

Levobupivacaine for Ilioinguinal/Iliohypogastric Nerve Block in Children (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 647. [Full Text] En Espanol  

John S. Walton, Robert Fears, Napoleon Burt, and B. Hugh Dorman

Intraoperative Breathing Circuit Obstruction Caused by Albuterol Nebulization (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 650. [Full Text]  

ECONOMICS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH:

Alex Macario, Matthew Weinger, Stacie Carney, and Ann Kim

Which Clinical Anesthesia Outcomes Are Important to Avoid? The Perspective of Patients
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 652. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Although there is variability in how patients rated postoperative outcomes, avoiding nausea/vomiting, incisional pain, and gagging on the endotracheal tube was a high priority for most patients. Whether clinicians can improve the quality of anesthesia by designing anesthesia regimens that most closely meet each individual patient's preferences for clinical outcomes deserves further study.

François Larue, Alain Fontaine, and Louis Brasseur

Evolution of the French Public's Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Postoperative Pain, Cancer Pain, and Their Treatments: Two National Surveys over a Six-Year Period
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 659. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: The results of two representative surveys conducted over a 6-yr interval show significant improvements of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain and its management in the French general population. However, these results point to the need for additional specific information that should be provided through patient-physician interactions.

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Takashi Kawasaki, Masanori Ogata, Chika Kawasaki, Jun-ichi Ogata, Yoshitaka Inoue, and Akio Shigematsu

Ketamine Suppresses Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in Human Whole Blood In Vitro
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 665. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We found that ketamine suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor , interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 production and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in human whole blood. Ketamine directly suppresses proinflammatory cytokine production.

R. Gopinath and J. M. Murray

Percutaneous Tracheostomy and Murphy's Law: An Eye for Trouble (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 670. [Full Text]  

K. M. Ho

Femoral Nerve Palsy: An Unusual Complication After Femoral Vein Puncture in a Patient with Severe Coagulopathy (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 672. [Full Text]  

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

Nicolas Bruder, Jean-Marc Stordeur, Patrick Ravussin, Marc Valli, Henri Dufour, Bernard Bruguerolle, and Georges Francois

Metabolic and Hemodynamic Changes During Recovery and Tracheal Extubation in Neurosurgical Patients: Immediate Versus Delayed Recovery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 674. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that delayed recovery after neurosurgery would attenuate the consequences of recovery from general anesthesia. As markers of stress, oxygen consumption and noradrenaline blood levels were higher after delayed versus early recovery. Thus, delayed recovery cannot be recommended as a mechanism of limiting the metabolic and hemodynamic consequences from emergence after neurosurgery.

Guy Edelman and William E. Hoffman

Cerebral Venous and Tissue Gases and Arteriovenous Shunting in the Dog
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 679. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We found, in dogs, that the gradient between brain venous and tissue PO₂ and PCO₂ is increased with increased arterial PCO₂. The divergence between tissue and venous gases can be described by arterial to venous shunting.

Mitsuo Aono, Jiro Sato, and Takashi Nishino

Nitrous Oxide Increases Normocapnic Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity but Does Not Affect the Dynamic Cerebrovascular Response to Step Changes in End-Tidal PCO₂ in Humans
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 684. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: This study suggests that nitrous oxide does not affect the dynamic cerebrovascular reactivity to acute arterial carbon dioxide (CO₂) changes, i.e., exponential changes in cerebral blood flow in response to step changes in alveolar CO₂ tension, although it does produce a mild increase in normocapnic cerebral blood flow velocity.

Oak Za Chi, Xia Liu, and Harvey R. Weiss

The Effects of Propranolol on Heterogeneity of Rat Cerebral Small Vein Oxygen Saturation
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 690. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Our data suggest that the linkage of O₂ supply and consumption is not tightly coupled under isoflurane anesthesia. ß-Adrenergic blockers may tighten this linkage and reduce the number of low O₂-saturated microregions.

Mishiya Matsumoto, Yasuhiko Iida, Hiroya Wakamatsu, Kazunobu Ohtake, Kazuhiko Nakakimura, Lize Xiong, and Takefumi Sakabe

The Effects of N^G-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl Ester on Neurologic and Histopathologic Outcome After Transient Spinal Cord Ischemia in Rabbits
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 696. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Nonselective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity has aggravating effects on the neurologic and histopathologic outcome after transient spinal cord ischemia.

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Raymond F. Johnson, Alex Cahana, Molly Olenick, N. Herman, Ray L. Paschall, Beth Minzter, Ramiah Ramasubramanian, Herbert Gonzalez, and John W. Downing

A Comparison of the Placental Transfer of Ropivacaine Versus Bupivacaine
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 703. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: The placental transfer of ropivacaine was shown to be similar to that of bupivacaine, and is thus highly influenced by the degree of maternal and fetal protein binding and fetal pH.

Sharon E. Abramovitz and Yaakov Beilin

Anesthetic Management of the Parturient with Protein S Deficiency and Ischemic Heart Disease (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 709. [Full Text]  

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MANAGEMENT:

Sumihisa Aida, Hiroshi Baba, Tomohiro Yamakura, Kiichiro Taga, Satoru Fukuda, and Koki Shimoji

The Effectiveness of Preemptive Analgesia Varies According to the Type of Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 711. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Epidural preemptive analgesia was reliably effective in limb and breast surgeries but ineffective in abdominal surgery, suggesting involvement of the brainstem and cervical spinal cord via the vagus and phlenic nerves.

Tomoki Nishiyama, Takashi Matsukawa, and Kazuo Hanaoka

Acute Phase Histopathological Study of Spinally Administered Midazolam in Cats
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 717. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Spinally administered midazolam, even in large doses, does not cause acute neurotoxicity or inflammation of the spinal cord.

T. J. Ness, J. G. Piper, and K. A. Follett

The Effect of Spinal Analgesia on Visceral Nociceptive Neurons in Caudal Medulla of the Rat
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 721. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Neurons in the brainstem, isolated electrophysiologically, were used as whole body monitors of pain-related activity in the rat. As a neurophysiologic model of nociception, this preparation may prove useful for the study of regionally administered analgesics and local anesthetics.

Maximilian W. B. Hartmannsgruber, David G. Silverman, Thomas M. Halaszynski, Vonda Bobart, Sorin J. Brull, Carlos Wilkerson, Andreas W. Loepke, and Peter G. Atanassoff

Comparison of Ropivacaine 0.2% and Lidocaine 0.5% for Intravenous Regional Anesthesia in Volunteers
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 727. [Abstract] [Full Text] En Espanol  

Implications: In this study, volunteers received lidocaine 0.5% or ropivacaine 0.2% for IV regional anesthesia on two study days. Ropivacaine and lidocaine provided similar surgical conditions. However, after release of the distal tourniquet, prolonged sensory blockade and fewer central nervous system side effects were observed with ropivacaine.

J. Lance Lichtor, Ferne B. Sevarino, Girish P. Joshi, Michael A. Busch, Earl Nordbrock, and Brian Ginsberg

The Relative Potency of Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate Compared with Intravenous Morphine in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Postoperative Pain
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 732. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: The relative potency of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) to IV morphine was 8–14:1. In this postoperative setting, OTFC produced rapid pain relief similar to that produced by IV morphine. The larger doses of OTFC (800 µg) and morphine (10 mg) produced better and more sustained analgesia than 200 µg of OTFC or 2 mg of morphine.

Luigi Gioia, Edi Prandi, Marco Codenotti, Andrea Casati, Guido Fanelli, Tiziana Monica Torri, Claudio Azzolini, and Giorgio Torri

Peribulbar Anesthesia with Either 0.75% Ropivacaine or a 2% Lidocaine and 0.5% Bupivacaine Mixture for Vitreoretinal Surgery: A Double-Blinded Study
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 739. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Quick onset of block with prolonged postoperative analgesia is an important goal in regional anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. Evaluating clinical properties of 0.75% ropivacaine and a 1:1 mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine for peribulbar anesthesia, we demonstrated that ropivacaine has an onset similar to that of the lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture and provides a better quality of postoperative analgesia.

Shinji Takahashi, Makoto Tanaka, and Hidenori Toyooka

Fentanyl Pretreatment Does Not Impair the Reliability of an Epinephrine-Containing Test Dose During Propofol-Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 743. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: To determine whether an epidural catheter is in a blood vessel, an epidural test dose containing 15 µg of epinephrine is used. We found that, during propofol anesthesia with or without fentanyl, a heart rate increase 10 bpm and a systolic blood pressure increase 15 mm Hg are reliable indicators for detecting accidental intravascular injection.

Yuan-Yi Chia, Kang Liu, Lok-Hi Chow, and Tak-Yu Lee

The Preoperative Administration of Intravenous Dextromethorphan Reduces Postoperative Morphine Consumption
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 748. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: In this double-blinded study, we found that the preoperative administration of IV dextromethorphan 5 mg/kg, compared with postoperative administration, reduces postoperative morphine consumption, which may provide clinical evidence of preemptive or preventive analgesic effects of dextromethorphan.

Stefan Schraag, Matthew R. Checketts, and Gavin N. C. Kenny

Lack of Rapid Development of Opioid Tolerance During Alfentanil and Remifentanil Infusions for Postoperative Pain
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 753. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: The development of acute tolerance to opioid analgesics has been suggested based on experimental studies in animals and volunteers. Our report from patients who self-controlled their analgesic requirements by using target-controlled infusions of alfentanil and remifentanil for postoperative analgesia provides no evidence of tolerance to opioids.

Erik Jensen and Nader D. Nader

Potentiation of Narcosis After Intravenous Lidocaine in a Patient Given Spinal Opioids (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 758. [Full Text]  

Paul Sloan, Mafdy Basta, Porter Storey, and Charles von Gunten

Mexiletine as an Adjuvant Analgesic for the Management of Neuropathic Cancer Pain (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 760. [Full Text]  

GENERAL ARTICLES:

G. Dhonneur, X. Combes, B. Leroux, and P. Duvaldestin

Postoperative Obstructive Apnea
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 762. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Upper airway obstruction during recovery from general anesthesia induced by IV midazolam is associated with low tonic pharyngeal muscular support, which modulates upper airway patency in the postoperative period.

M. A. Neumann, M. J. Laster, R. B. Weiskopf, D. H. Gong, R. Dudziak, H. Förster, and E. I Eger, II

The Elimination of Sodium and Potassium Hydroxides from Desiccated Soda Lime Diminishes Degradation of Desflurane to Carbon Monoxide and Sevoflurane to Compound A but Does Not Compromise Carbon Dioxide Absorption
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 768. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: The soda lime bases used to absorb carbon dioxide from anesthetic circuits can degrade inhaled anesthetics to compounds such as carbon monoxide and the nephrotoxin, Compound A. Elimination of the bases sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide decreases production of these noxious compounds without materially decreasing the capacity of the remaining base, Ca(OH)₂, to absorb carbon dioxide.

Sharam Taheri and Edmond I Eger, II

A Demonstration of the Concentration and Second Gas Effects in Humans Anesthetized with Nitrous Oxide and Desflurane
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 774. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: As predicted by the concentration and second gas effects, increasing the inspired concentration of nitrous oxide accelerated its rate of rise and the rate of rise of concurrently administered desflurane in humans.

Yoshitaka Fujii, Shinji Takahashi, and Hidenori Toyooka

The Effect of Olprinone Compared with Milrinone on Diaphragmatic Muscle Function in Dogs
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 781. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Diaphragmatic fatigue may contribute to the development of respiratory failure. Compared with milrinone, olprinone improves the contractility in fatigued diaphragm in dogs.

Dennis M. Fisher, Kellie Schoolar Reynolds, Virginia D. Schmith, James Hsu, Martin D. Sokoll, Robert L. Lennon, and James E. Caldwell

The Influence of Renal Function on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics and Simulated Time Course of Doxacurium
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 786. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We examined the factors influencing doxacurium's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics. Both creatinine clearance and obesity significantly influence its time course. The effect of obesity is minimized if patients are dosed based on ideal body weight.

CASE REPORTS:

Roman Schumann and David M. Polaner

Massive Subcutaneous Emphysema and Sudden Airway Compromise After Postoperative Vomiting
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 796. [Full Text]  

Shigemasa Tomioka, Tomiko Kurio, Kazumi Takaishi, and Nobuyoshi Nakajo

Propofol Is Effective in Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Case Report with Quantitative Analysis
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 798. [Full Text]  

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

Anna-Maria Koivusalo, Leena Lindgren, and Pierre-Yves Carry

Respiratory Mechanics During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 800. [Full Text]  

Dennis B. Hall and Lawrence G. Kushins

A Laryngeal Mask Airway "Tip"
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 801. [Full Text]  

Michael Zaugg, Eliana Lucchinetti, and Khether Raby

Heart Rate Control and Ischemia • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 801. [Full Text]  

Brian Smith, Robert Lekowski, Charles D. Collard, and John G. Byrne

Transesophageal Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Aortic Pseudoaneurysm After Combined Aortic Valve Replacement and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 802. [Full Text]  

Hartmut Buerkle

Intraarticular "Analgesics": Are They Safe?
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 802. [Full Text]  

Ricardo Urtubia and Carmen Aguila

Combitube®: A New Proposal for a Confusing Nomenclature
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 803. [Full Text]  

Carsten Preis, Irene Preis, Pekka O. Talke, and Huong Nguyen

Concept for Easy Fiberoptic Intubation via a Laryngeal Airway Mask • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 803. [Full Text]  

Kodali Bhavani-Shankar

Salivary Gland Enlargement Caused by Chemical Agents
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 804. [Full Text]  

Andreas Schlager, Bernhard Furtner, and Gottfried Mitterschiffthaler

Acute Obstruction During Manual Ventilation Caused by an End-Tidal Rubber Cap in the Reservoir Bag
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 804. [Full Text]  

Steven L. Shafer, Giustino Varrassi, and Franco Marinangeli

The Importance of Dose-Response in Study Design • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 805. [Full Text]  

David M. Gaba, Steve Howard, Brian Smith, Matthew B. Weinger, and Philip L. Liu

Simulators in Anesthesiology Education • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 805. [Full Text]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Robert J. McCarthy, Sanford M. Miller, Howard B. Gutstein, Andrew D. Roseberg, Gerald A. Maccioli, Thomas J. Yasuda, and Jeffrey B. Gross

Pharmacology and Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. 3rd ed. • Trauma, Vol. 17, No. 1 of Anesthesiology Clinics of North America. • Pediatric Intubation, Vol. 2 of Airway Cam Video Series. • Atlas of Regional Anesthesia. 2nd ed. • A History of Critical Care and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, Vol. 37, No. 1 of International Anesthesiology Clinics. • Sedation Simulator. • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 807. [Full Text]  

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