EDITORIALS:

Paul F. White and Mehernoor F. Watcha

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: Prophylaxis Versus Treatment
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1337. [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA:

Senthilkumar Sadhasivam, Abha Saxena, S. Kathirvel, T. R. Kannan, Anjan Trikha, and Virender Mohan

The Safety and Efficacy of Prophylactic Ondansetron in Patients Undergoing Modified Radical Mastectomy
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We evaluated the antiemetic efficacy, safety,and routine use of prophylactic ondansetron, a "gold standard"antiemetic, in women undergoing radical breast surgery who wereat a high risk of postoperative vomiting. We analyzed more meaningful"true" and "therapeutic" outcome measures, and we conclude thatprophylactic ondansetron is safe and effective and that itsroutine use is justified.

Inna Maranets and Zeev N. Kain

Preoperative Anxiety and Intraoperative Anesthetic Requirements
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1346. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The goal of this study was to assess the relationshipbetween preoperative anxiety and intraoperative anesthetic requirements.We found that high baseline anxiety predicts increased intraoperativeanesthetic requirements. We suggest that anesthesiologists shouldmodify the initial induction dose based on the anxiety levelexhibited by the patient.

Frances Chung and Gabor Mezei

Factors Contributing to a Prolonged Stay After Ambulatory Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The length of postoperative stay among ambulatorysurgical patients is mainly determined by the type of surgeryand by adverse events, such as excessive pain, postoperativenausea and vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, and untoward cardiovascularevents. Patients with congestive heart failure and those whounderwent long procedures had a higher risk of a prolonged stay.Appropriate prevention and management of postoperative symptomscould significantly decrease the length of stay among patientsreceiving general anesthesia.

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Stuart M. Lowson, Hassan M. Hassan, and George F. Rich

The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Platelets When Delivered to the Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Nitric oxide affects platelet function. We demonstratedthat nitric oxide delivered into the gas inflow of the cardiopulmonarybypass circuit membrane oxygenator does not significantly alterplatelet numbers or function.

J. C. Merle, J. X. Mazoit, P. Desgranges, K. Abhay, S. Rezaiguia, G. Dhonneur, and P. Duvaldestin

A Comparison of Two Techniques for Cervical Plexus Blockade: Evaluation of Efficacy and Systemic Toxicity
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Cervical plexus blockade for carotid endarterectomycan be effectively performed with a single injection after localizationof the cervical plexus with a nerve stimulator. This techniqueis simple and was associated with less systemic absorption oflocal anesthetic than the multiple-injection technique.

Stefan W. Suttner, Joachim Boldt, Christian C. Schmidt, Swen N. Piper, Peter Schuster, and Bernhard Kumle

The Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside-Induced Hypotension on Splanchnic Perfusion and Hepatocellular Integrity
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1371. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We studied gastric mucosal tonometry and the cytosolicliver enzyme {alpha}-glutathione S-transferase to evaluate the effectsof controlled hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside onsplanchnic perfusion and hepatocellular integrity. Splanchnicperfusion decreased and {alpha}-glutathione S-transferase increasedduring and after a hypotensive period, but returned to baselinevalues within the first postoperative day, indicating a transientimpairment of splanchnic perfusion and hepatocellular integrity.

A. Meissner, T. P. Weber, H. Van Aken, and N. Rolf

Limited Upper Thoracic Epidural Block and Splanchnic Perfusion in Dogs
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A sympathetic block in certain segments leadsto increased sympathetic output in unblocked segments. For anupper thoracic epidural block, this might lead to impaired splanchnicperfusion. In awake and propofol-anesthetized, chronically instrumenteddogs, however, a limited upper thoracic epidural blockade hadno compromising effect on gastrointestinal perfusion.

Edna Zohar, Brian Fredman, Martin Ellis, Ilya Luban, Avraham Stern, and Robert Jedeikin

A Comparative Study of the Postoperative Allogeneic Blood-Sparing Effect of Tranexamic Acid Versus Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution After Total Knee Replacement
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: For total knee replacement, when compared withnormovolemic hemodilution, tranexamic acid administration isassociated with superior perioperative hemodynamic stabilityand allogeneic blood sparing.

Steven M. Brabant, Michèle Bertrand, Daniel Eyraud, Pierre-Louis Darmon, and Pierre Coriat

The Hemodynamic Effects of Anesthetic Induction in Vascular Surgical Patients Chronically Treated with Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Hypotensive episodes occur more frequently afteranesthetic induction in patients receiving Angiotensin II receptorsubtype-1 antagonists under anesthesia than with other hypotensivedrugs. They are less responsive to the vasopressors ephedrineand phenylephrine. The use of a vasopressin system agonist waseffective in restoring blood pressure when hypotension was refractoryto conventional therapy.

Alexander H. Kulier, Enis Novalija, Quinn Hogan, Martin N. Vicenzi, Harvey J. Woehlck, Jurica Bajic, John L. Atlee, III, and Zeljko J. Bosnjak

The Effects of the New Antiarrhythmic E 047/1 on Postoperative Ischemia-Induced Arrhythmias in Dogs
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Life-threatening arrhythmias of the heart aftermyocardial infarction or ischemia may be treated quickly andefficiently by the new drug E 047/1.

Ross D. MacPherson and Anthony W. Quail

Halothane Attenuates Myogenicity in the Rabbit Ear Artery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Blood pressure is controlled partially by themyogenic response. This refers to the capacity of arteries todilate and then constrict in response to pressure increase.Using arteries from rabbits, we have shown that administrationof halothane reduces or abolishes this response. This observationmay be a contributing factor to hypotension caused by halothane.

Shen-Kou Tsai, Ming-Jiuh Wang, Wen-Je Ko, and Shua-Juen Wang

Emergent Bedside Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Resuscitation of Sudden Cardiac Arrest after Tricuspid Inflow Obstruction and Pulmonary Embolism (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1406. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Leon D. Wright, Donald E. Martin, and T. Ling Tan

Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Quadriplegic Patient (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1409. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Glyn D. Williams, Thomas K. Jones, Kimberly A. Hanson, and Jeffrey P. Morray

The Hemodynamic Effects of Propofol in Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The principal hemodynamic effect of propofol inchildren with congenital heart defects is a decrease in systemicvascular resistance. In children with cardiac shunt, this resultsin a decrease in the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow,and it can lead to arterial desaturation in patients with cyanoticheart disease.

Akira Kudoh and Akitomo Matsuki

Ketamine Inhibits Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Production Depending on the Extracellular Ca²⁺ Concentration in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Ketamine has a negative inotropic effect in isolatedcardiomyocytes. The negative inotropic effect was associatedwith a decrease in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production,and the inhibitory action was enhanced depending on the concentrationof extracellular Ca2+.

Hanna Viitanen, Gerhard Baer, Hannu Koivu, and Päivi Annila

The Hemodynamic and Holter-Electrocardiogram Changes During Halothane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia for Adenoidectomy in Children Aged One to Three Years (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1423. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Gregory B. Hammer, Brett G. Fitzmaurice, and Jay B. Brodsky

Methods for Single-Lung Ventilation in Pediatric Patients (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1426. [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Wolfgang G. Voelckel, Karl H. Lindner, Volker Wenzel, Johannes O. Bonatti, Anette C. Krismer, Egfried A. Miller, and Keith G. Lurie

Effect of Small-Dose Dopamine on Mesenteric Blood Flow and Renal Function in a Pig Model of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Vasopressin
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Long-term survival after cardiac arrest may bedetermined by the ability to ensure adequate organ perfusionduring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and in the postresuscitationphase. In this regard, small-dose dopamine improved postresuscitationblood flow to the mesenteric bed when vasopressin was used asan alternative vasopressor in an animal model of cardiac arrest.

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

Tomoki Nishiyama, Takashi Matsukawa, Takeshi Yokoyama, and Kazuo Hanaoka

Cerebrovascular Carbon Dioxide Reactivity During General Anesthesia: A Comparison Between Sevoflurane and Isoflurane
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1437. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Changes in cerebral blood flow caused by the changesof carbon dioxide tension are greater during the administrationof isoflurane anesthesia compared with sevoflurane anesthesia.Attempts to decrease intracranial pressure by decreasing carbondioxide tension may be more successful during isoflurane thansevoflurane anesthesia administration.

Hideki Harada, Paul J. Kelly, Daniel J. Cole, John C. Drummond, and Piyush M. Patel

Isoflurane Reduces N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Toxicity In Vivo in the Rat Cerebral Cortex
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Isoflurane can reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediatedcortical injury in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. These dataare consistent with the previously demonstrated ability of isofluraneto reduce N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated responses invitro.

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Kimberlie A. Graeme, Steven C. Curry, Dale S. Bikin, Frank A. LoVecchio, and Tedd A. Brandon

The Lack of Transplacental Movement of the Cyanide Antidote Thiosulfate in Gravid Ewes
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We evaluated the mechanism of action of sodiumthiosulfide (STS) in sodium nitroprusside-induced cyanide toxicityin the ewe. Fetal cyanide poisoning is alleviated by maternaladministration of STS, although this cyanide antidote apparentlydoes not cross the placenta.

Vijaya N. R. Gottumukkala, Shiv K. Sharma, and John Philip

Assessing Platelet and Fibrinogen Contribution to Clot Strength Using Modified Thromboelastography in Pregnant Women
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Determining the independent contribution of plateletsand fibrinogen to the maximal amplitude of thromboelastographyusing c7E3 Fab may further improve the use of thromboelastographyin detecting and treating coagulation defects.

Moshe Shechtman, Avishai Ziser, Robert Markovits, and Beno Rozenberg

Amniotic Fluid Embolism: Early Findings of Transesophageal Echocardiography (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1456. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Bruce Ben-David and Michael Friedman

Gabapentin Therapy for Vulvodynia (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1459. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MANAGEMENT:

Ernst-Peter Horn, Frank Schroeder, Stefan Wilhelm, Frank Wappler, Daniel I. Sessler, Barbara Uebe, Thomas Standl, and Jochen Schulte am Esch

Wound Infiltration and Drain Lavage with Ropivacaine After Major Shoulder Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Wound infiltration and lavage with 30 mL ropivacaine7.5 mg/mL after major shoulder surgery resulted in very lowpain scores and opioid requirement.

Jerry D. Vloka, Leon Drobnik, April Ernest, Wojciech Reiss, and Daniel M. Thys

Anatomical Landmarks for Femoral Nerve Block: A Comparison of Four Needle Insertion Sites
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Insertion of a needle at the inguinal crease leveland immediately adjacent to the lateral border of the femoralartery results in a high rate of needle-femoral nerve contact.

Hinnerk Wulf, Frank Worthmann, Hagen Behnke, and Arnd S. Böhle

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ropivacaine 2 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, or 7.5 mg/mL After Ilioinguinal Blockade for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Adults
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Ropivacaine, a new local anesthetic, proved tobe effective for pain relief after hernia repair in ilioinguinalblocks accompanying general anesthesia. Plasma concentrationspeaked after 30-45 min, and were within safe limits afterapplication of 0.25 mL/kg of 2, 5, or 7.5 mg/mL ropivacaine.

Igor Kissin, Sandra S. Lee, and Edwin L. Bradley, Jr.

Hyperalgesia Caused by Nerve Transection: Long-Lasting Block Prevents Early Hyperalgesia in the Receptive Field of the Surviving Nerve
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A long-lasting nerve block can prevent early hyperalgesiacaused by nerve transection.

Margaret M. Coleman, Philip W. Peng, Joan M. Regan, Vincent W. S. Chan, and Aaron L. Hendler

Quantitative Comparison of Leakage Under the Tourniquet in Forearm Versus Conventional Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Using a tourniquet on the forearm for IV regionalanesthesia does not increase the risk of drug leakage. Thisis potentially a safer technique compared with conventionalIV regional anesthesia because a much smaller dose of localanesthetic is required.

Toru Goyagi, Makoto Tanaka, and Toshiaki Nishikawa

Oral Clonidine Premedication Enhances Postoperative Analgesia by Epidural Morphine
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A small dose of epidural morphine is often usedfor postoperative analgesia. We found that oral clonidine premedication5 {micro}g/kg improves the analgesic efficacy of epidural morphinewithout increasing the incidence of adverse side effects.

Tomoki Nishiyama and Kazuo Hanaoka

Reproducibility of the Drug Effects over Time on Chronic Lumbar Epidural Catheterization in Rats
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A rat model with chronically implanted epiduralcatheters should be used for testing the analgesic effects ofdrugs within two days after catheterization.

Dan J. Kopacz, Nigel E. Sharrock, and Hugh W. Allen

A Comparison of Levobupivacaine 0.125%, Fentanyl 4 µg/mL, or Their Combination for Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia After Major Orthopedic Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We demonstrated a significant additive effectof the combination of levobupivacaine (0.125%) and fentanyl(4 {micro}g/mL), compared with either drug alone, when usingpatient-controlled epidural analgesia in patients after totaljoint arthroplasty.

James C. Crews, Allen H. Hord, Donald D. Denson, and Carmen Schatzman

A Comparison of the Analgesic Efficacy of 0.25% Levobupivacaine Combined with 0.005% Morphine, 0.25% Levobupivacaine Alone, or 0.005% Morphine Alone for the Management of Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A significant improvement in postoperative analgesicefficacy is demonstrated with the thoracic epidural administrationof the combination of the single-isomer local anesthetic levobupivacaine0.25% and morphine 0.005% in patients after major abdominalsurgical procedures as compared with either drug used alone.

Hiroki Iida, Hiroto Ohata, Mami Iida, Yukinaga Watanabe, Kiyoshi Nagase, and Shuji Dohi

Attenuated Additional Hypocapnic Constriction, but Not Hypercapnic Dilation, of Spinal Pial Arterioles During Spinal Ropivacaine
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: During topical application of the local anestheticropivacaine in dogs, hypocapnia (PaCO2, 20-25 mm Hg) inducedalmost no additional constriction of spinal arterioles, andthe hypercapnic vasodilation was maintained. These data suggestthat an additional constriction in spinal vessels is unlikelywhen hypocapnia occurs during spinal ropivacaine.

Yasuhisa Okuda and Toshimitsu Kitajima

The Effects of Combined Sympathetic Block and Intravascular Infusion of Prostaglandin E₁ on Brachial Arterial Blood Flow in Dogs
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Combined stellate ganglion block and intraarterialor IV infusion of prostaglandin E1 increases brachial arterialblood flow significantly compared with stellate ganglion blockalone.

Paul S. Myles, Sally Troedel, Michael Boquest, and Mark Reeves

The Pain Visual Analog Scale: Is It Linear or Nonlinear?
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A change in the visual analog scale score representsa relative change in the magnitude of pain sensation. Use ofthe VAS in comparative analgesic trials can now meaningfullyquantify differences in potency and efficacy.

Wolfgang Koppert, Susanne Zeck, James A. Blunk, Martin Schmelz, Rudolf Likar, and Reinhard Sittl

The Effects of Intradermal Fentanyl and Ketamine on Capsaicin-Induced Secondary Hyperalgesia and Flare Reaction
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We investigated the peripheral effects of fentanyland ketamine on capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia and axon-reflexflare. In large concentrations, the opioid diminished axon-reflexflare without effects on secondary hyperalgesia. We found noevidence for the involvement of endogenous glutamate in secondaryhyperalgesia or axon reflex flare.

Scott A. Strassels, Daniel B. Carr, Marcia Meldrum, and Michael J. Cousins

Toward a Canon of the Pain and Analgesia Literature: A Citation Analysis
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We performed a citation analysis to identify importantcontributions and contributors to the biomedical literature.Recent pain and analgesia research has been focused on mechanismsof pain, but evidence suggests the importance of understandingthe pain experience from the patient's perspective andthe transition from acute to chronic pain.

Tomoki Nishiyama, Laszlo Gyermek, Chingmuh Lee, Sachiko Kawasaki-Yatsugi, and Tokio Yamaguchi

The Systemically Administered Competitive AMPA Receptor Antagonist, YM872, has Analgesic Effects on Thermal or Formalin-Induced Pain in Rats
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Intraperitoneally administered YM872, a new {alpha}-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionicacid receptor antagonist, had analgesic effects on thermal-and formalin-induced pain in rats. Larger doses induced transientmotor disturbance and loss of pinna reflex mediated in the brain.

Lloyd R. Saberski, Mahmood Ahmad, Muhammad A. Munir, and Sorin J. Brull

Identification of a New Therapeutic Approach for Iliac Crest Donor Site Chronic Pain: A Case Report (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1538. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

GENERAL ARTICLES:

Charles E. Smith, Ali Parand, Alfred C. Pinchak, Joan F. Hagen, and Don E. Hancock

The Failure of Negative Pressure Rewarming (Thermostat^TM) to Accelerate Recovery from Mild Hypothermia in Postoperative Surgical Patients
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We found that a commercially available negativepressure rewarming device (ThermostatTM; Aquarius Medical Corp.,Phoenix, AZ) was not effective in accelerating rewarming inpostoperative hypothermic surgical patients after general anesthesia.

Fumio Sakai and Keisuke Amaha

The Effects of Hypothermia on a Cloned Human Brain Glutamate Transporter (hGLT-1) Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells: -[3H]L-Glutamate Uptake Study
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Under certain pathologic conditions, includingcerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury, glutamate neurotoxicitymay initially be propagated by hypothermia due to relative failureof glutamate uptake via Human Glial Glutamate Transporter beforea subsequent recovery of uptake.

Eva Selldén and Sten G. E. Lindahl

Amino Acid-Induced Thermogenesis Reduces Hypothermia During Anesthesia and Shortens Hospital Stay
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Amino acid infusion during general anesthesiainduces thermogenesis and prevents postoperative hypothermiaand shivering. Multiple regression analysis indicated that thisresulted in a shorter hospital stay.

Yoshitaka Fujii, Takuo Hoshi, Shinji Takahashi, and Hidenori Toyooka

Propofol Decreases Diaphragmatic Contractility in Dogs
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Propofol is an effective IV anesthetic for theinduction and maintenance of anesthesia. Subhypnotic and anestheticdoses of propofol decrease diaphragmatic contractility in dogs.

Robert J. Fragen, Fatima Vilich, Stewart M. Spies, and William D. Erwin

The Effect of Remifentanil on Biliary Tract Drainage into the Duodenum
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Radioactive dye was injected IV into healthy volunteersto determine the time it took for the dye to appear in the duodenum.This was repeated under the influence of a short-acting narcoticanalgesic, remifentanil. Remifentanil caused a much shorterdelay than previously reported after morphine or meperidine.

Yuhji Saitoh, Yoshitaka Fujii, and Tsutomu Oshima

The Ulinastatin-Induced Effect on Neuromuscular Block Caused by Vecuronium
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Ulinastatin delays the onset of neuromuscularblock and hastens its recovery caused by vecuronium. This isbecause ulinastatin may release acetylcholine at the neuromuscularjunction and increase hepatic and/or renal clearance of vecuronium.

TECHNICAL COMMUNICATIONS:

Istvan Bátai, Monika Kerényi, and Miklos Tekeres

The Growth of Bacteria in Intravenous Glyceryl Trinitrate and in Sodium Nitroprusside
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1570. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

CASE REPORTS:

A. Murat Kaynar, Kodali Bhavani-Shankar, and Phillip S. Mushlin

Lingual Hematoma as a Potential Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1573. [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Christopher P. Harkin, Eiler W. Sommerhaug, and Kathrin L. Mayer

An Unexpected Complication During Laparoscopic Herniorrhaphy
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1576. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Mohamed Naguib, Mohamed Gomaa, Abdulhamid H. Samarkandi, David R. Bevan, A. K. Akkielah, Catherine Watson, Scott Billecke, and Bert N. La Du, Jr.

Increased Plasma Cholinesterase Activity and Mivacurium Resistance: Report of a Family
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1579. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Xuan Au-Truong, Gilbert Lopez, Ninos J. Joseph, and M. Ramez Salem

A Case of a Nasogastric Tube Knotting Around a Tracheal Tube: Detection and Management
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1583. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

Helmut F. Cascorbi, Paul D. Mongan, John L. Fontana, and Jeffrey Musser

IV Halothane Anesthesia • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1585. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Kenneth W. Travis and Steven R. Jache

What to Do with the Jeweled Tongue?
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1585. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Robert H. Dworkin, Paul F. White, Hesham E. Ahmed, and William F. Craig

No Alternative to Antiviral Drugs for Acute Herpes Zoster • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1585. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

H. S. Bhogal and T. J. Gan

Awareness of Sikh Custom of Restraining a Beard with a Cord Leading to Possible Airway Problems
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1586. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Padmani Dhar, Ivan George, Aparna Mankad, and Paul Sloan

Flow Transducer Gas Leak Detected After Induction
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1587. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Adrianus J. De Vries

Transcranial Doppler Technique for Monitoring the Efficacy of Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1587. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Esme Riley, Kerry DeGroot, and Medhat Hannallah

The High-Pressure Characteristics of the Cuff of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Endotracheal Tube
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1588. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Barry L. Friedberg and Karen B. Domino

Another Perspective on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1589. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Takashi Asai and Koh Shingu

Capnography for Safe Use of the Laryngeal Mask During Emergence from Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1589. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Michael Paech, David J. Birnbach, and David H. Chestnut

The Epinephrine Test Dose in Obstetrics • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1590. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Jonathan V. Roth and Timothy B. Gilbert

Another Potential Factor That May Cause Bronchial Rupture by a Double-Lumen Endobronchial Tube • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1591. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Luca Salvi and Mauro Pepi

Pressure-Assisted Breathing Through a Laryngeal Mask Airway During Transesophageal Echocardiography
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1591. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Kenneth M. Swank and E. Lynne Williams

The Difference Between Actual and Calculated Osmolality of IU Solutions Should Not Be Overlooked • Response
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1592. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Hidekazu Yukioka

Earlier Extubation After Esophagectomy Is Successfully Performed with Thoracic Epidural Bupivacaine Combined with Thoracic and Lumbar Epidural Morphine
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1592. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Yoogoo Kang, Corey Scher, Norig Ellison, and Michael F. Mulroy

Organ Preservation, Vol. 37, No. 2 of International Anesthesiology Clinics. • The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. 17th ed. • Complications of Regional Anesthesia. • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1593. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ERRATA:

Correction for vol. 85, p. 971
Anesth Analg 1999 89: 1370. [Full Text] [Request Permissions]  

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