EDITORIALS:

F. Kayser Enneking and Denise J. Wedel

The Art and Science of Peripheral Nerve Blocks
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 1. [Full Text]  

Ronald D. Miller

Anesthesia & Analgesia in the New Century
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 3. [Full Text] En Espanol  

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Judy R. Kersten, Matthew W. Montgomery, Paul S. Pagel, and David C. Warltier

Levosimendan, a New Positive Inotropic Drug, Decreases Myocardial Infarct Size via Activation of K_ATP Channels
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 5. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Levosimendan may be advantageous in patients requiring inotropic support who are also at risk of myocardial ischemia. Activation of adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels during infusion of levosimendan may produce cardioprotective effects while simultaneously enhancing ventricular contractile function.

Sibylle A. Kozek-Langenecker, S. Fazal Mohammad, Takahisa Masaki, Wayne Green, Craig Kamerath, and Alfred K. Cheung

The Effects of Aprotinin on Platelets In Vitro Using Whole Blood Flow Cytometry
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 12. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: This in vitro study demonstrates that aprotinin decreases the agonist-induced expression of activated glycoprotein IIb-IIIa receptors that play a major role in platelet aggregation and adhesion to biomaterial surfaces.

Bernhard Heindl and Bernhard F. Becker

Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Do Not Enhance the Pre- and Postischemic Eicosanoid Production in Guinea Pig Hearts
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 17. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: In an isolated guinea pig heart model, myocardial eicosanoid release was not increased by isoflurane or sevoflurane, either before or after ischemia. Sevoflurane (2 vol%) but not isoflurane attenuated the increased release of eicosanoids during reperfusion.

Axel Kleinsasser, Elisabeth Kuenszberg, Alexander Loeckinger, Christian Keller, Christoph Hoermann, Karl H. Lindner, and Friedrich Puehringer

Sevoflurane, but not Propofol, Significantly Prolongs the Q-T Interval
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 25. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: In this study, we evaluated the effect of sevoflurane induction and anesthesia versus propofol induction and anesthesia on the Q-T interval. Sevoflurane significantly prolonged the Q-T interval and the heart rate adjusted Q-T interval, whereas propofol shortened the Q-T interval but not the heart rate adjusted Q-T interval.

Seiji Watanabe, Eiko Noguchi, Shinichi Yamada, Nobuya Hamada, and Tatsuhiko Kano

Sequential Changes of Arterial Oxygen Tension in the Supine Position During One-Lung Ventilation
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 28. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Close observation and prompt counteractions including termination of one-lung ventilation (OLV) are crucial for patients under OLV in the supine position, because life-threatening hypoxemia frequently occurs approximately 10 min after starting OLV, even under 100% oxygen inhalation. The left semilateral decubitus position was as effective as the left lateral decubitus position in avoiding life-threatening hypoxemia during OLV.

Gizella I. Bardoczky, Laszlo L. Szegedi, Alain A. d’Hollander, Jean-Marie Moures, Philippe de Francquen, and Jean-Claude Yernault

Two-Lung and One-Lung Ventilation in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Effects of Position and FIO₂
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 35. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: This study compares oxygenation during thoracic surgery during periods of two-lung and one-lung ventilation with patients in the supine and lateral positions when using three different fraction of inspired oxygen values. Arterial oxygen tension was decreased in all three groups during one-lung ventilation in comparison with the two-lung ventilation values, but the decrease was significantly less in the lateral, compared with the supine position.

Michael J. Jacka and Andrew G. Clark

Cardiovascular Instability Requiring Treatment after Intravenous Heparin for Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 42. [Full Text]  

Kent H. Rehfeldt and Malcolm S. Sanders

Digital Gangrene After Radial Artery Catheterization in a Patient with Thrombocytosis (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 45. [Full Text]  

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Dean B. Andropoulos, Nancy A. Ayres, Stephen A. Stayer, Sabrina T. Bent, Carlos J. Campos, and Charles D. Fraser

The Effect of Transesophageal Echocardiography on Ventilation in Small Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 47. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Ventilatory compromise is infrequent in small infants undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination. Careful ventilatory monitoring rapidly detects changes in ventilation during TEE examination. Small infants who benefit from TEE during heart surgery should not be excluded from receiving a TEE examination because of concern of ventilatory compromise.

Lena S. Sun

Perinatal Cocaine Exposure Impairs Myocardial ß-Adrenoceptor Signaling in the Neonatal Rat
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 50. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: This study shows that maternal cocaine use during pregnancy impairs the {beta}-adrenoceptor signaling pathway in the rat during the first week of life. Abnormal cardiac function in the cocaine-exposed neonate may be related to a defect in {beta}-adrenoceptors, because they regulate cardiac function.

Gernot Marx, Robert Sümpelmann, Tobias Schuerholz, Elisabeth Thorns, Jörn Heine, Burkhard Vangerow, and Horst Rueckoldt

Cardiac Output Measurement by Arterial Thermodilution in Piglets (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 57. [Full Text]  

Lucinda L. Everett and Stephanie E. Spottswood

Intraoperative Desaturation and Unilateral Breath Sounds During Nissen Fundoplication (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 62. [Full Text]  

BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS:

Fabienne Roelants, Francis Veyckemans, Luc Van Obbergh, François Singelyn, Hilde Waterloos, Jean-Marie Gouverneur, and Bernard-François Gribomont

Loss of Resistance to Saline with a Bubble of Air to Identify the Epidural Space in Infants and Children: A Prospective Study
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 59. [Full Text]  

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA:

Mohamed M. Ghoneim, Robert I. Block, Daniel S. Sarasin, Charles S. Davis, and James N. Marchman

Tape-Recorded Hypnosis Instructions as Adjuvant in the Care of Patients Scheduled for Third Molar Surgery
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 64. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We administered hypnosis instructions to patients before third molar surgery. Anxiety was reduced, but there was an increase in the incidence of vomiting. Although an easy and cost-effective method, the value of this approach remains to be established.

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Anette C. Krismer, Karl H. Lindner, Roselies Kornberger, Volker Wenzel, Goetz Mueller, Wolfgang Hund, Stephan Oroszy, Keith G. Lurie, and Peter Mair

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Severe Hypothermia in Pigs: Does Epinephrine or Vasopressin Increase Coronary Perfusion Pressure?
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 69. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Our study was designed to assess the effects of vasopressin and epinephrine in a porcine model simulating cardiac arrest during severe hypothermia. This study demonstrates that the administration of both emergency drugs results in an increased perfusion pressure in the heart.

Jean Pierre Tournadre, Bernard Allaouchiche, Charles Henri Malbert, and Dominique Chassard

Metabolic Acidosis and Respiratory Acidosis Impair Gastro-Pyloric Motility in Anesthetized Pigs
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 74. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Metabolic and respiratory acidosis mainly affects gastric antral rhythms and has a major effect on fundic tone. Acidosis could be implicated in perioperative complications, such as gastroparesis, emesis, and regurgitation of gastric contents.

Yoshito Nakayama, Eichi Narimatsu, Shinzo Sumita, Naoyuki Fujimura, Kouichi Satoh, Hiroshi Iwasaki, and Akiyoshi Namiki

Propofol Enhances a d-Tubocurarine-Induced Twitch Depression in Septic Rat Diaphragm
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 80. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Propofol and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants are widely used for various clinical cases, including sepsis. Interactions between nondepolarizing muscle relaxants and propofol during sepsis are interesting from a clinical point of view. We demonstrated that propofol significantly enhances d-tubocurarine-induced twitch depression in vitro in the septic rat model compared with that in the nonseptic rat model.

Roger P. R. Smith and Roger Fletcher

Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Has Little Effect on Carbon Dioxide Elimination After Cardiac Surgery
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 85. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: During artificial ventilation, applying a positive pressure in expiration expands the lung and improves the uptake of oxygen, but there is a theoretical risk of reduced carbon dioxide elimination. We applied positive end-expiratory pressure to patients immediately after heart surgery and found that it has no effect on carbon dioxide elimination.

Patrick T. Murray, Mark E. Wylam, and Jason G. Umans

Nitric Oxide and Septic Vascular Dysfunction (Review Article)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 89. [Full Text]  

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

Jose Eduardo Tanus-Santos, Wladimir Mignone Gordo, Artur Udelsmann, and Heitor Moreno Junior

The Hemodynamic Effects of Endothelin Receptor Antagonism During a Venous Air Infusion in Dogs
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 102. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We evaluated the effects of endothelin receptor antagonists during a venous air infusion in dogs. EndothelinA receptor antagonism attenuated the hemodynamic changes and blunted the increase in thromboxane A2 production in this setting.

Monica S. Vavilala and Arthur M. Lam

Intraoperative Intracranial Pressure Monitoring in Pneumococcal Meningitis (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 107. [Full Text]  

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Eyal Sheiner, Einat K. Sheiner, Ilana Shoham-Vardi, Gabriel M. Gurman, Fernanda Press, Moshe Mazor, and Miriam Katz

Predictors of Recommendation and Acceptance of Intrapartum Epidural Analgesia
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 109. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Patricia Fogarty Mack, Dana L. Gurvitch, and Farida Gadalla

Transient Paraplegia After Epidural Anesthesia in a Parturient (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 114. [Full Text]  

Shmuel Evron, Sandra Krumholtz, Yifat Wiener, Tatiana Brohorov, and Murat Bahar

Prolonged Coma and Quadriplegia After Accidental Subarachnoid Injection of a Local Anesthetic with an Opiate (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 116. [Full Text]  

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MANAGEMENT:

Peter Marhofer, Christian Nasel, Christian Sitzwohl, and Stephan Kapral

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Distribution of Local Anesthetic During the Three-In-One Block
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 119. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We demonstrate by using magnetic resonance imaging that the mechanism of a three-in-one block is one of lateral, caudal, and slight medial spread of a local anesthetic with subsequent blockade of the femoral, the lateral femoral cutaneous, and the anterior branch of the obturator nerves. It does not involve cephalad spread of the local anesthetic with blockade of the lumbar plexus.

Peter Marhofer, Christiane Oismüller, Barbara Faryniak, Christian Sitzwohl, Nikolaus Mayer, and Stefan Kapral

Three-in-One Blocks with Ropivacaine: Evaluation of Sensory Onset Time and Quality of Sensory Block
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 125. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Ropivacaine 0.5% has a sensory onset time and quality of sensory block during 3-in-1 blocks similar to that of bupivacaine 0.5%. Ropivacaine is described as being less potent than bupivacaine, making it a promising local anesthetic for 3-in-1 blocks because of its reportedly lower cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity.

Christophe Menigaux, Dominique Fletcher, Xavier Dupont, Bruno Guignard, Frederic Guirimand, and Marcel Chauvin

The Benefits of Intraoperative Small-Dose Ketamine on Postoperative Pain After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 129. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We found that intraoperative small-dose ketamine reduced postoperative morphine requirements and improved mobilization 24 h after arthroscopic anterior ligament repair. No differences were observed in the timing of administration. Intraoperative small-dose ketamine may therefore be a useful adjuvant to perioperative analgesic management.

H. Miyamoto, Y. Saito, Y. Kirihara, K. Hara, S. Sakura, and Y. Kosaka

Spinal Coadministration of Ketamine Reduces the Development of Tolerance to Visceral As Well As Somatic Antinociception During Spinal Morphine Infusion
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 136. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Intrathecally co-infused ketamine attenuated morphine tolerance to somatic and visceral antinociception and increased morphine antinociception at the spinal level. These results suggest that a combination of morphine with ketamine may have an advantage in long-term use of opioids for controlling visceral as well as somatic pain.

Kohei Murao, Koh Shingu, Koichi Tsushima, Kazuyo Takahira, Sakahiro Ikeda, Hideo Matsumoto, Shin-ichi Nakao, and Takashi Asai

The Anticonvulsant Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Penicillin-Induced Status Epilepticus in Cats
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 142. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Convulsive status epilepticus is an emergency state and requires immediate suppression of clinical and electrical seizures, but conventional drugs may be ineffective. In such cases, general anesthesia may be effective. In the present study, we suggest that isoflurane is preferable to halothane and sevoflurane to suppress sustained seizure.

Kohei Murao, Koh Shingu, Koichi Tsushima, Kazuyo Takahira, Sakahiro Ikeda, and Shin-ichi Nakao

The Anticonvulsant Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Lidocaine-Induced Seizures in Cats
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 148. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Increasingly, epidural blockade is combined with general anesthesia to achieve stress-free anesthesia and continuous pain relief in the postoperative period. In the present study, sevoflurane and isoflurane attenuated seizure when the blood lidocaine concentration was accidentally increased.

X. Combes, C. Cerf, D. Bouleau, P. Duvaldestin, and Gilles Dhonneur

The Effects of Residual Pain on Oxygenation and Breathing Pattern During Morphine Analgesia
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 156. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Pain relief with regional analgesia in patients previously treated with opioids increases the incidence of abnormal respiratory events associated with oxygen desaturation.

GENERAL ARTICLES:

Bruno Guignard, Christophe Menigaux, Xavier Dupont, Dominique Fletcher, and Marcel Chauvin

The Effect of Remifentanil on the Bispectral Index Change and Hemodynamic Responses After Orotracheal Intubation
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 161. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Bispectral index change is as sensitive as hemodynamic responses after a painful stimulus for detecting deficits in the analgesic component of anesthesia. It may, therefore, be a useful monitor of the depth of anesthesia in patients who are incapable of HR and MAP responses to noxious stimuli because of medications or cardiovascular disease.

Brita Larsen, Anette Seitz, and Reinhard Larsen

Recovery of Cognitive Function After Remifentanil-Propofol Anesthesia: A Comparison with Desflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 168. [Abstract] [Full Text] En Espanol  

Implications: We compared awakening and intermediate recovery times after remifentanil-propofol anesthesia to desflurane-N2O and sevoflurane-N2O anesthesia. Emergence and return of cognitive function was significantly faster after remifentanil-propofol compared with desflurane and sevoflurane up to 60 min after anesthesia administration.

Tom Heier and James E. Caldwell

Rapid Tracheal Intubation with Large-Dose Rocuronium: A Probability-Based Approach
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 175. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: We found that it is possible to have a 90% probability of achieving perfect conditions for rapid tracheal intubation with large (up to 2.0 mg/kg) doses of rocuronium. These large doses of rocuronium may be useful in, for instance, head trauma or open globe injuries if succinylcholine is contraindicated.

Friedrich P. Paulsen, Karl Jungmann, and Bernhard N. Tillmann

The Cricoarytenoid Joint Capsule and Its Relevance to Endotracheal Intubation
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 180. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: The present study illustrates by morphological investigations and intubation experiments that laxity of the joint capsule and large synovial folds are predisposing factors for intubation trauma of the cricoarytenoid joint, potentially leading to hemarthrosis and finally to cricoarytenoid joint dysfunction.

Iris Henzi, Bernhard Walder, and Martin R. Tramèr

Dexamethasone for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Quantitative Systematic Review
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 186. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: When there is a high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting, a single prophylactic dose of dexamethasone is antiemetic compared with placebo, without evidence of any clinically relevant toxicity in otherwise healthy patients. Late efficacy seems to be most pronounced. It is very likely that the best prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting currently available is achieved by combining dexamethasone with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Optimal doses of this combination need to be identified.

Christo Fender, Masahiko Fujinaga, and Mervyn Maze

Strain Differences in the Antinociceptive Effect of Nitrous Oxide on the Tail Flick Test in Rats
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 195. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Because of the variability that already exists, we recommend that animal studies examining the antinociceptive effects of nitrous oxide should be performed on inbred rat strains.

C. P. Baur, L. Bellon, P. Felleiter, M. Fiege, R. Fricker, K. Glahn, J. J. A. Heffron, A. Herrmann-Frank, K. Jurkat-Rott, W. Klingler, M. Lehane, H. Ørding, V. Tegazzin, F. Wappler, M. Georgieff, and F. Lehmann-Horn

A Multicenter Study of 4-Chloro-m-cresol for Diagnosing Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 200. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Although in vitro contracture testing for malignant hyperthermia diagnosis is well standardized, with a relatively high sensitivity and specificity, false test results cannot be excluded and may be associated with serious disabilities for the concerned individuals. In this multicenter study, 4-chloro-m-cresol was evaluated as a new test substance for the in vitro contracture testing. Its use improves the accuracy of in vitro diagnosis of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.

Markus A. Weigand, Heinfried Schmidt, Qingyu Zhao, Konstanze Plaschke, Eike Martin, and Hubert J. Bardenheuer

Ketamine Modulates the Stimulated Adhesion Molecule Expression on Human Neutrophils In Vitro
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 206. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Modulation of leukocyte responses by anesthetics may have an important role in limiting tissue injury in sepsis or ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, we examined the effect of ketamine on stimulated neutrophil functions in vitro. These neutrophil functions were significantly inhibited by ketamine, independent of whether the racemic mixture or isomers were tested.

Robert C. Dutton, Ira J. Rampil, and Edmond I Eger, II

Inhaled Nonimmobilizers Do Not Alter the Middle Latency Auditory-Evoked Response of Rats
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 213. [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Implications: Although the nonimmobilizer 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (2N) suppresses learning, we find that 2N does not depress middle latency auditory-evoked responses. This suggests that 2N may suppress learning by depressing transmission through rostral subcortical structures, such as the amygdala, rather than by acting on the brainstem or neocortical structures.

SPECIAL ARTICLES:

Henry Rosenberg and Jean K. Axelrod

Ernst Trier Mørch: Inventor, Medical Pioneer, Heroic Freedom Fighter
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 218. [Full Text]  

CASE REPORTS:

Pierre Drolet, Michel Girard, Jean Poirier, and Yvan Grenier

Facilitating Submental Endotracheal Intubation with an Endotracheal Tube Exchanger
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 222. [Full Text]  

Koji Hara, Kouichiro Minami, Katsuhiro Takamoto, Munehiro Shiraishi, and Takeyoshi Sata

The Prolonged Effect of a Muscle Relaxant in a Patient with Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 224. [Full Text]  

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

Carlos L. Errando, Peter S. Hodgson, and Spencer S. Liu

Spinal Toxicity of Drugs: Some Specifications About Ketamine • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 227. [Full Text]  

Yvan A. Ruetsch, Alain Borgeat, and Yuri O. Shevchenko

Withdrawal Movements Associated with the Injection of Rocuronium • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 227. [Full Text]  

Andrew D. M. Mcleod, Nicholas P. Hirsch, Mark J. L. Scrutton, and Robert E. Grady

Neurologic Complications of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage Catheters • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 228. [Full Text]  

Jyotish C. Pandey and Prakash K. Dubey

A Method for Rapid Clinical Diagnosis of Misplaced Subclavian Vein Catheters
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 229. [Full Text]  

Jonathan H. Waters, Paul S. Potter, and Michael Booke

Cell Salvage in the Jehovah’s Witness Patient • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 229. [Full Text]  

Hans-Joachim Priebe and Philippe Duvaldestin

N₂O and Endotracheal Cuff Pressure • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 230. [Full Text]  

Sushil P. Ambesh, Vijay Kumar, and Kumkum Srivastava

Tracheo-Innominate Artery Fistula
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 231. [Full Text]  

Bernhard Panning, Fritz Sterz, Wolfgang Oczenski, and Robert D. Fitzgerald

Hemodynamic and Catecholamine Stress Responses to Insertion of the Combitube®, Laryngeal Mask Airway or Tracheal Intubation • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 231. [Full Text]  

Philippe E. Dubois, Serge M. Broka, and Kurt L. Joucken

TOF-Tube
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 232. [Full Text]  

Simon C. Body, Kevin Taylor, and James H. Philip

Dual-Plateau Capnogram Caused by Cracked Sample Filter
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 233. [Full Text]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Linda Shore-Lesserson, Anand Tewari, and Brett B. Gutsche

Hemostasis in Cardiac Surgery. • Video Seminars on Transesophageal Echocardiography. • What a Blessing She Had Chloroform. • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 235. [Full Text]  

To see an article, click its [Full Text] link. To review many abstracts, check the boxes to the left of the titles you want, and click the 'Get All Checked Abstract(s)' button. To see one abstract at a time, click its [Abstract] link.