EDITORIALS:

Paul Sharpe and Graham Smith

Cannabis: Time for Scientific Evaluation of This Ancient Remedy?
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 237. [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

John A. Crowhurst and David J. Birnbach

Small-Dose Neuraxial Block: Heading Toward the New Millennium
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 241. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

David P. Strum and Michael R. Pinsky

Modeling of Asynchronous Myocardial Contraction by Effective Stroke Volume Analysis
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In a dog model of regional myocardial dyskinesis induced by esmolol, effective regional stroke volume and phase angle analyses are more sensitive measures of regional myocardial dysfunction than measures of maximal regional stroke volume that do not account for phase shifts.

David P. Strum and Michael R. Pinsky

Esmolol-Induced Regional Wall Motion Abnormalities Do Not Affect Regional Ventricular Elastances
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Regional and global elastances and maximal stroke volumes may not identify esmolol-induced left ventricular regional dysfunction in dogs. The primary effect of asynchrony of regional contraction is global cardiac dilation. Systemic dobutamine infusion increases regional and global left ventricular elastances but does not reverse regional wall motion abnormality-induced cardiac dilation.

Albertus M. Scheule, Wolfram Beierlein, Stephan Arnold, Friedrich S. Eckstein, Johannes M. Albes, and Gerhard Ziemer

The Significance of Preformed Aprotinin-Specific Antibodies in Cardiosurgical Patients
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Anaphylaxis on IV reexposure to aprotinin is a medical emergency. The clinical significance of preformed aprotinin-specific IgG remains questionable, whereas preformed IgE was present in the only patient who suffered from severe anaphylaxis on reexposure to aprotinin. Preformed antibodies are not reliably predicted by exposure history.

Peter Mares, Timothy B. Gilbert, Edda M. Tschernko, Michael Hiesmayr, Manfred Muhm, Andreas Herneth, Sharoukh Taghavi, Walter Klepetko, Irene Lang, and Wolfram Haider

Pulmonary Artery Thromboendarterectomy: A Comparison of Two Different Postoperative Treatment Strategies
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The avoidance of positive inotropic catecholamines and vasodilators in combination with nonaggressive mechanical ventilation was associ- ated with a low incidence of reperfusion pulmonary edema and/or right heart failure after pulmonary artery thromboendarterectomy.

Christoph J. Konrad, Timo J. Markl, Guido K. Schuepfer, Joachim Schmeck, and Helmut R. Gerber

In Vitro Effects of Different Medium Molecular Hydroxyethyl Starch Solutions and Lactated Ringer’s Solution on Coagulation Using SONOCLOT
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We investigated the effect of different hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions (70.000, 130.000, 200.000) on coagulation. Regarding clot formation and retraction, HES 130.000 had some advantages over the other tested HES solutions. Lactated Ringer's solution affected coagulation only minimally, except for the early stage of clot formation.

John L. Atlee, M. Saeed Dhamee, Timothy L. Olund, and Varghese George

The Use of Esmolol, Nicardipine, or Their Combination to Blunt Hemodynamic Changes After Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Compared with no pretreatment before the IV induction of general anesthesia, the peak increase in blood pressure after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation is best blunted by the combination of nicardipine and esmolol, compared with either drug alone. No single drug or combination in the doses tested opposed increased heart rate.

Hossam K. El-Rahmany, Steven M. Frank, Giselle M. Schneider, Nader A. El-Gamal, Carole A. Vannier, Ramadan Ammar, and Ahmed S. Okasha

Forced-Air Warming Decreases Vasodilator Requirement After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Forced-air warming after cardiac surgery decreases the requirement for vasodilator drugs and may be beneficial in maintaining hemodynamic variables within predefined limits.

Andreas Koster, Herrmann Kuppe, George J. Crystal, and Fritz Mertzlufft

Cardiovascular Surgery Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Type II Using Anticoagulation with Recombinant Hirudin (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 292. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Steve M. Auden, Walter L. Sobczyk, Robert E. Solinger, and L. Jane Goldsmith

Oral Ketamine/Midazolam Is Superior to Intramuscular Meperidine, Promethazine, and Chlorpromazine for Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Oral medication can be superior to IM injections for sedating children with congenital heart disease; however, the safety of all medications remains an issue.

Celia E. Allison, Jacob J. De Lange, Frank D. Koole, Wouter W. A. Zuurmond, Herman H. Ros, and Nico T. van Schagen

A Comparison of the Incidence of the Oculocardiac and Oculorespiratory Reflexes During Sevoflurane or Halothane Anesthesia for Strabismus Surgery in Children
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Some children experience a sudden slowing of the heart and impaired breathing when the surgeon pulls on the eye muscles during squint operations under anesthesia. Sevoflurane, a recently developed anesthetic vapor, may reduce this problem when compared with the established vapor halothane.

Ingeborg D. Welters, Thilo Menges, Michael Gräf, Christina Beikirch, Axel Menzebach, and Gunter Hempelmann

Reduction of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting by Dimenhydrinate Suppositories after Strabismus Surgery in Children
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We performed a double-blinded, randomized study to investigate the effects of prophylactic rectal dimenhydrinate application on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. In comparison with placebo, dimenhydrinate reduced the incidence of postoperative vomiting from 60.1% to 30.7%.

Stephen A. Stayer, Sabrina T. Bent, Carlos J. Campos, Barbara S. Skjonsby, and Dean B. Andropoulos

Comparison of NAD 6000 and Servo 900C Ventilators in an Infant Lung Model
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The NAD 6000 (North American Drager, Telford, PA) and Servo 900C (Siemens-Elema AB, Solna, Sweden) are able to precisely deliver small Tidal Volumes. They both decreased in performance when tested under extreme conditions. Earlier studies of traditional anesthesia ventilators suggest that the NAD 6000 and Servo 900C are superior pediatric ventilators.

Donald H. Jones, Marc G. Schlatter, Albert S. Cornelius, and Rodolfo A. Neirotti

A Massive Pulmonary Tumor Embolism After Surgical Manipulation and Biopsy of a Pelvic Mass (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 322. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Marcel P. Vercauteren, Hilde C. Coppejans, Vincent H. Hoffmann, Els Mertens, and Hugo A. Adriaensen

Prevention of Hypotension by a Single 5-mg Dose of Ephedrine During Small-Dose Spinal Anesthesia in Prehydrated Cesarean Delivery Patients
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Ephedrine is the drug most often used to correct hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in healthy patients. A single IV dose of 5 mg decreases the occurrence and limits the severity of hypotension in prehydrated subjects receiving a small-dose spinal local anesthetic-opioid combination.

Jean-Marc Bernard, Daniel Le Roux, Louis Vizquel, Alexandre Barthe, Jean-Marie Gonnet, Alain Aldebert, Reda M. Benani, Christian Fossat, and Jacques Frouin

Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia During Labor: The Effects of the Increase in Bolus and Lockout Interval
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A patient-controlled epidural analgesia setting that allows a parturient to receive an increased analgesic dose improves satisfaction with patient-controlled epidural analgesia during labor.

Eugene H. C. Liu, Suresh Shailaja, Stephen C. L. Koh, and Tat-Leang Lee

An Assessment of the Effects on Coagulation of Midtrimester and Final-Trimester Amniotic Fluid on Whole Blood by Thrombelastograph^® Analysis
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We used the Thrombelastograph(R) test (Haemoscope Corporation, Skokie, IL) to assess the effects of midtrimester and final-trimester amniotic fluid (AF) on whole blood coagulation. Results demonstrate that AF accelerates clot initiation and propagation. The Thrombelastograph(R) test may be useful in assessing coagulopathy in patients with AF embolism.

Paul B. Langevin, Michael J. Katovich, Charles E. Wood, Christopher F. James, and Sharon O. Langevin

The Effect of Nitroglycerin on the Gravid Uterus in Sheep and Rabbits
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The administration of nitroglycerin may have a relaxant effect on the uterus. These experiments were conducted to elucidate the effect of nitroglycerin on the peripartum uterus by measuring active tension and compliance.

ECONOMICS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH:

Robert I. Katz and Robert S. Lagasse

Factors Influencing the Reporting of Adverse Perioperative Outcomes to a Quality Management Program
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 344. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Physician self-reporting is a more reliable method of identifying adverse outcomes than either medical chart review or incident reporting. Reporting by chart reviewers is biased both by the severity of outcome and severity of patient illness, whereas incident reports tend to focus on human error. All groups feel compelled to report adverse outcomes when the data may result in improved patient care.

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Claude P. Tousignant, Fergus Walsh, and C. David Mazer

The Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Preload Assessment in Critically Ill Patients
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In a ventilated intensive care unit and cardiac surgical population, transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter are sensitive in detecting changes in preload after volume administration. Few patients demonstrate volume-recruitable increases in stroke volume when compared to cardiac surgical patients. It is not possible to establish an overall end diastolic threshold below which a large proportion of ventilated patients respond to volume administration.

Nader D. Nader, Paul R. Knight, Bruce A. Davidson, Saeid S. Safaee, and David M. Steinhorn

Systemic Perfluorocarbons Suppress the Acute Lung Inflammation After Gastric Acid Aspiration in Rats
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Intraperitoneally administered perfluorocarbons in rats attenuate the neutrophilic infiltration in the lung after acid aspiration, thereby decreasing the alveolar protein leakage and improving pulmonary compliance.

Shigehito Sato, Akira Suzuki, Yoshiki Nakajima, Tatsuaki Iwamoto, Hiromichi Bito, and Masayuki Miyabe

S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) During Hemorrhagic Shock Improves Mortality as a Result of Recovery From Vascular Hyporeactivity
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The administration of a small dose of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (a nitric oxide donor), a dose which did not exert a significant vasodilator effect, was administered during hemorrhagic shock in dogs. S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine improved the vascular hyporeactivity to noradrenaline and decreased the mortality rate.

Son T. Nguyen, Rafael E. Cabrales, C. Allen Bashour, Thomas E. Rosenberger, Jr., Judy A. Michener, Jean-Pierre Yared, and Norman J. Starr

Benzocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 369. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

A. Timothy Lovell, Alan C. Marshall, Clare E. Elwell, Martin Smith, and John C. Goldstone

Changes in Cerebral Blood Volume with Changes in Position in Awake and Anesthetized Subjects
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 372. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Near-infrared spectroscopy, a bedside technique, has been used to measure changes in cerebral blood volume in normal subjects. We have used the same technique in anesthetized patients and have shown that, when a patient is placed in the head up position, the decrease in cerebral blood volume is attenuated, relative to normal subjects.

Kazuyuki Sakai, Sungsam Cho, Makoto Fukusaki, Osamu Shibata, and Koji Sumikawa

The Effects of Propofol With and Without Ketamine on Human Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity and CO₂ Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Our study suggests that ketamine does not influence middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity or the cerebrovascular CO2 response assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography during propofol anesthesia administration in patients without neurological complications.

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MANAGEMENT:

Hervé Bouaziz, Brian P. Kinirons, Dioukamalou Macalou, Michel Heck, François Dap, Dan Benhamou, and Marie-Claire Laxenaire

Sufentanil Does Not Prolong the Duration of Analgesia in a Mepivacaine Brachial Plexus Block: A Dose Response Study
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study demonstrates that the addition of sufentanil in a dose-dependent manner to 1.5% mepivacaine in the axillary plexus does not improve onset or duration of blockade, and that this admixture is associated with an increased incidence of side effects.

Juraj Sprung, Denis L. Bourke, Peter K. Schoenwald, David Whalley, Alexandru Gottlieb, Edward J. Mascha, and Leonardo Kapural

Small-Dose Dopamine Increases Epidural Lidocaine Requirements During Peripheral Vascular Surgery in Elderly Patients
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 388. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We tested dopamine, a drug that increases liver metabolism of the local anesthetic lidocaine to determine if it would prevent excessively large amounts of lidocaine in the blood during prolonged epidural anesthesia in elderly patients. Dopamine did not alter the blood levels of lidocaine, but it did increase the lidocaine dose requirement to maintain adequate epidural anesthesia.

Yesim Ates, Can Ali Yücesoy, M. Agahan Ünlü, Birsen Saygin, and Nuri Akkas

The Mechanical Properties of Intact and Traumatized Epidural Catheters
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Using a computer-assisted material testing machine, we studied the mechanical properties of three different types of epidural catheters, either intact or traumatized, in a blinded, controlled study. This information may be vital to clinicians who implant epidural catheters by helping them choose a catheter that has the lowest probability of failure.

Toshio Asano, Shuji Dohi, Shuichiro Ohta, Hiroyuki Shimonaka, and Hiroki Iida

Antinociception by Epidural and Systemic ₂-Adrenoceptor Agonists and Their Binding Affinity in Rat Spinal Cord and Brain
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Spinal antinociception caused by the epidural administration of {alpha}2 agonists is well correlated with their binding affinity to spinal {alpha}2-adrenoceptors.

Frédéric Guirimand, Xavier Dupont, Louis Brasseur, Marcel Chauvin, and Didier Bouhassira

The Effects of Ketamine on the Temporal Summation (Wind-Up) of the R_III Nociceptive Flexion Reflex and Pain in Humans
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The wind-up phenomenon (i.e., the progressive increase of the responses induced by repetitive nociceptive stimuli) was characterized in humans by using electrophysiological recordings of the nociceptive flexion reflex. We showed that, as in animals, this phenomenon, which might represent an elementary form of the central sensitization involved in various painful syndromes, depends on the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, because it was selectively reduced after the administration of ketamine.

Yuko Kanai, Hiroshi Katsuki, and Mayumi Takasaki

Comparisons of the Anesthetic Potency and Intracellular Concentrations of S(-) and R() Bupivacaine and Ropivacaine in Crayfish Giant Axon in Vitro
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: S(-) bupivacaine has a more potent phasic blocking effect than ropivacaine or R(+) bupivacaine in crayfish giant axons in vitro. An equivalent intracellular local anesthetic concentration for the three anesthetics was found, suggesting that the intracellular cationic local anesthetic concentration is not directly correlated with the intensity of block.

Jai-Hyun Hwang, Kyu-Sam Hwang, Yoon Choi, Pyung-Hwan Park, Sung-Min Han, and Dong-Myung Lee

An Analysis of Drug Interaction Between Morphine and Neostigmine in Rats with Nerve-Ligation Injury
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study indicates that, by using both isobolographic and fractional analyses, the antiallodynic effect of intrathecal morphine and neostigmine is synergistic when coadministered intrathecally. In a rat model of neuropathic pain, the intrathecal morphine produced a moderate antagonism on touch-evoked allodynia at the spinal level.

Margaret Bourke, Agnes Hayes, Maire Doyle, and Maire McCarroll

A Comparison of Regularly Administered Sustained Release Oral Morphine with Intramuscular Morphine for Control of Postoperative Pain
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 427. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [En Espanol]  [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Each postoperative analgesic has its own limitations for route of administration, dosage, and potential side effects. Using the oral route for drug administration seems more attractive than other methods but may not be suitable in all postoperative patients. We studied the efficacy and side effect profile of sustained-release, oral morphine compared with standard IM morphine for the treatment of pain after hip replacement surgery. We concluded that use of the oral preparation is a suitable alternative to the IM route in this population undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia.

Dieter H. Beck, Michael R. Schenk, Kerstin Hagemann, Ulrich R. Doepfmer, and Wolfgang J. Kox

The Pharmacokinetics and Analgesic Efficacy of Larger Dose Rectal Acetaminophen (40 mg/kg) in Adults: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Study
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Acetaminophen pharmacokinetics were comparable in adults and children. Plasma concentrations known to reduce fever did not produce better pain relief and were only achieved after twice the conventional dose was administered. Analgesic plasma concentrations have yet to be determined but may be higher than those associated with antipyresis.

James R. Markey, Osama B. Naseer, David J. Bird, Sara F. Rabito, and Alon P. Winnie

Transient Neurologic Symptoms After Epidural Analgesia (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 437. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

GENERAL ARTICLES:

C. Keller, J. Brimacombe, F. Agrò, and J. Margreiter

A Pilot Study of Pharyngeal Pulse Oximetry with the Laryngeal Mask Airway: A Comparison with Finger Oximetry and Arterial Saturation Measurements in Healthy Anesthetized Patients
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Pharyngeal oximetry with the laryngeal mask airway is feasible and generally provides more accurate readings than finger oximetry in hemodynamically stable, well oxygenated, anesthetized patients.

Donal J. Buggy, Michael J. Asher, and David G. Lambert

Nimodipine Premedication and Induction Dose of Propofol
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Premedication with oral nimodipine 60 mg does not reduce the induction dose of propofol compared with placebo, casting doubt on the hypothesis that propofol has an anesthetic action at L-type voltage sensitive calcium channels.

Thomas Schricker, Franco Carli, Markus Schreiber, Ulrich Wachter, Wolfgang Geisser, Ralph Lattermann, and Michael Georgieff

Propofol/Sufentanil Anesthesia Suppresses the Metabolic and Endocrine Response During, Not After, Lower Abdominal Surgery
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The concept of stress-free anesthesia using propofol combined with sufentanil is valid only during surgery. The metabolic endocrine stress response 2 h after the operation is more pronounced than after inhaled anesthesia.

Michiaki Yamakage, Yasuhiro Kamada, Yasuyuki Honma, Naoki Tsujiguchi, and Akiyoshi Namiki

Predictive Variables of Hypothermia in the Early Phase of General Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: After the induction of general anesthesia, palmar skin temperature had a linear relationship with the precipitous decrease in rectal temperature over the first hour, and total body fat had a linear relationship with the subsequent decrease in temperature. Thus, by simple measurements, we can predict the extent of hypothermia in the early phase of general anesthesia.

Andreas Bacher, Karin Pichler, and Alexander Aloy

Supraglottic Combined Frequency Jet Ventilation Versus Subglottic Monofrequent Jet Ventilation in Patients Undergoing Microlaryngeal Surgery
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 460. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study demonstrates that the combination of high- and low-frequency supraglottic jet ventilation via a jet ventilation laryngoscope provides a better pulmonary gas exchange and allows more accurate airway pressure monitoring during microlaryngeal surgery than subglottic monofrequent jet ventilation via an endotracheal catheter.

Alexander Loeckinger, Axel Kleinsasser, Christoph Hoermann, Michael Gassner, Christian Keller, and Karl H. Lindner

Inert Gas Exchange During Pneumoperitoneum at Incremental Values of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Anesthetized pigs, with a pneumoperitoneum of 15 cm H2O, were treated either with incremental values of positive end-expiratory pressure (5-20 cm H2O, increments of 5 cm H2O) or with a constant positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O. Fifteen and 20 cm H2O resulted in significantly improved pulmonary gas exchange compared with 5 cm H2O.

Yoshitaka Fujii, Yuhji Saitoh, Hiroyoshi Tanaka, and Hidenori Toyooka

Ramosetron for Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Women Undergoing Gynecological Surgery
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in 120 women found the effective dose of ramosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynecological surgery to be 0.3 mg.

Kyeong T. Min, Christopher L. Wu, and Jay Yang

Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers Inhibit the Serotonin-Type 3A Receptor Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Muscle nicotinic acetylcholine and serotonin-type 3A (5-HT3A) receptors are similar. Therefore neuromuscular relaxants may block 5-HT3A receptors. Our pharmacological study demonstrates that neuromuscular relaxants, as with ondansetron, are 5-HT3A receptor antagonists. It is likely that certain neuromuscular relaxants exhibit ondansetron-like clinical properties, such as reduction in postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Patrizia Ceccarelli, Luca M. Bigatello, Dean Hess, Jean Kwo, and Luis Melendez

Inhaled Nitric Oxide Delivery by Anesthesia Machines
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator. In a lung model, we demonstrated that NO can be delivered accurately by a N2O flowmeter or by a commercial device. We provide guidelines for intraoperative NO delivery.

Per Lav Madsen, Claus Skak, Allan Rasmussen, and Niels H. Secher

Interference of Cerebral Near-Infrared Oximetry in Patients with Icterus
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In 48 patients undergoing liver transplantation, the interference of icterus on cerebral oximetry by near-infrared light was investigated. Bilirubin absorbed the near-infrared light and lowered the measured cerebral oxygen saturation. Even at high bilirubin values, changes in cerebral oxygenation, as seen during reperfusion of the grafted liver, may be visible.

TECHNICAL COMMUNICATIONS:

Thomas M. Hemmerling, Christian Schurr, Sven Walter, Sara Dern, Joachim Schmidt, and Guenther G. Braun

A New Method of Monitoring the Effect of Muscle Relaxants on Laryngeal Muscles Using Surface Laryngeal Electromyography
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 494. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

S. Sathish Kumar, Hanna Viitanen, and PhD Päivi Annila

Premedication with Midazolam in Pediatric Anesthesia • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 498. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Joseph D. Tobias and Mahir Uslu

Mivacurium Administration in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 498. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Satoki Inoue, Hideo Ninaga, and Hitoshi Furuya

A New Clinical Application of Nitroglycerin as an Aid to Venipuncture in Nitroglycerin Tape Users
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 499. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Elliot Krane, Lynda T. Wells, and MD Deborah K. Rasch

Defining the Anatomy of Freudian Psychiatry • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 499. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Chris Nixon

How Long Should an Internal Jugular Catheter Be?
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 500. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Thierry Villevieille, MD Isabelle Vincenti-Rouquette, MD Fabrice Petitjeans, MD Pierre Koulmann, MD Yvon Legulluche, MD Jean-Marie Rousseau, MD Yves Diraison, and MD Louis Brinquin

Streptococcus mitis-induced Meningitis After Spinal Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 500. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Dennis R. Valade, Michael S. Stix, and Anthony W. Gray, Jr.

Use of Level 1® Warmer for Lavage Fluid During Bilateral Pulmonary Lavage
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 501. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

A. D. Sharma and MD N. P. deBruijn

Cannulating the Internal Jugular Vein: Two for One Technique
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 501. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Bill Ong, James R. Hebl, MD Terese T. Horlocker, and MD Robert C. Chantigian

Epidural Analgesia After Dural Puncture • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 502. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

David A. Zvara and Franklin Dexter

Math Made Simple • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 502. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Richard C. Prielipp, John F. Butterworth, George N. Djaiani, and Davy C. H. Cheng

Clinical Guidelines • Response
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 503. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

William J. Greeley

Pediatric Critical Care: The Essentials • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 2000 90: 504. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

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