A&A -- Table of Contents (92 [3])

EDITORIALS:

Charles Marc Samama: Thromboelastography: The Next Step
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 563-564. [Full Text]

ERRATUM:

: Erratum
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 564. [Full Text]

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Gerd Haisch, Joachim Boldt, Claudia Krebs, Bernhard Kumle, Stefan Suttner, and Andreas Schulz: The Influence of Intravascular Volume Therapy with a New Hydroxyethyl Starch Preparation (6% HES 130/0.4) on Coagulation in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 565-571. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: We compared the effects of infusion of a new hydroxyethyl starch preparation (6% hydroxyethyl starch; mean molecular weight 130,000 daltons; degree of substitution 0.4) on coagulation with a gelatin-based intravascular volume replacement regimen in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. After moderate doses of hydroxyethyl starch (2430 {+/-} 310 mL until the morning of the first postoperative day), coagulation monitoring, including modified thrombelastography, did not show impaired hemostasis.

Elisabeth Mahla, Thomas Lang, Martin N. Vicenzi, Georg Werkgartner, Robert Maier, Claudia Probst, and Helfried Metzler: Thromboelastography for Monitoring Prolonged Hypercoagulability After Major Abdominal Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 572-577. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Postoperative hypercoagulability, occurring for at least 1 wk after major abdominal surgery, may be demonstrated by standard and modified thromboelastography. This hypercoagulability is not reflected by standard coagulation monitoring and seems to be predominantly caused by increased platelet reactivity.

Galina Leyvi, Linda Shore-Lesserson, Donna Harrington, Frances Vela-Cantos, and Sabera Hossain: An Investigation of a New Activated Clotting Time "MAX-ACT" in Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Circulation
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 578-583. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: MAX-ACT (a new activated clotting time [ACT] test) uses more maximal clotting activation in vitro and, although it is less susceptible to increase because of hypothermia and hemodilution than ACT, lack of correlation with heparin levels remains a persistent limitation.

Pamela E. Gray and Albert C. Perrino, Jr.: Hemodynamic-Induced Changes in Aortic Valve Area: Implications for Doppler Cardiac Output Determinations
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 584-589. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: An intraoperative dobutamine infusion was used to increase aortic blood flow and demonstrate hemodynamic-induced changes in aortic valve area. These valve-area changes affect the accuracy of Doppler cardiac output determinations.

Idit Matot and Oded Jurim: The Protective Effect of Acadesine on Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 590-595. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Acadesine reduces ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury in spontaneously breathing cats when administered before ischemia or reperfusion, but not after reperfusion.

Stephen D. Surgenor, Gerald T. O’Connor, Stephen J. Lahey, Reed Quinn, David C. Charlesworth, Lawrence J. Dacey, Robert A. Clough, Bruce J. Leavitt, Gordon R. Defoe, Mary Fillinger, and William C. Nugent: Predicting the Risk of Death from Heart Failure After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 596-601. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: In contrast to previous cardiac surgical scoring systems that predicted total mortality, we developed a clinical risk assessment tool that evaluates risk of fatal heart failure. This distinction is relevant for quality improvement initiatives, because most of the variation in CABG mortality rates is explained by postoperative heart failure.

Yuri Nakae, Satoshi Fujita, and Akiyoshi Namiki: Morphine Enhances Myofilament Ca²⁺ Sensitivity in Intact Guinea Pig Beating Hearts
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 602-608. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Morphine modifies myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and Ca2+ transients in guinea pig hearts at concentrations that are clinically relevant.

Jonathan S. Jahr, Fedor Lurie, Side Xi, Mohammad Golkaryeh, Olga Kuznetsova, Ravjeet Kullar, and Bernd Driessen: A Novel Approach to Measuring Circulating Blood Volume: The Use of a Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier in a Rabbit Model
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 609-614. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Circulating plasma and blood volumes can be accurately estimated by plasma hemoglobin concentration measurements by using hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier infusion.

Joyce A. Wahr, Michael Gerber, Jürgen Venitz, and Narayan Baliga: Allosteric Modification of Oxygen Delivery by Hemoglobin
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 615-620. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: We studied the safety and tolerance of an investigational drug, RSR13 (Allos Therapeutics, Denver, CO), in general surgery patients. This drug, which increases the amount of oxygen available to the body, was well tolerated by the 17 patients who received it. There were clinically relevant increases in serum creatinine in 3 patients, indicating a decrease in renal function, but these increases were short-lived and resolved without treatment.

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA:

Jens Martens-Lobenhoffer, Steffi Eisenhardt, Uwe Tröger, Wolfgang Röse, and Frank P. Meyer: The Effect of Anxiety and Personality on the Pharmacokinetics of Oral Midazolam
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 621-624. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: We conclude that personality traits and anxiety levels had no effect on the pharmacokinetic variables of midazolam. Therefore, it is not necessary to obtain anxiety or personality scores to find the proper midazolam dose for the individual patient.

Jan H. Vranken, Kris C. P. Vissers, Raf de Jongh, and Rene Heylen: Intraarticular Sufentanil Administration Facilitates Recovery After Day-Case Knee Arthroscopy
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 625-628. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Intraarticular sufentanil (5-10 {micro}g) administration improves postoperative management after day-case diagnostic arthroscopic knee procedures.

Eduardo Zárate, Melinda Mingus, Paul F. White, Jen W. Chiu, Phillip Scuderi, William Loskota, and Venus Daneshgari: The Use of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation for Preventing Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 629-35. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation at the P6 acupoint reduced postoperative nausea, but not vomiting, in outpatients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures.

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Marie T. Aouad, Sahar S. Siddik, Laudia B. Rizk, Georges M. Zaytoun, and Anis S. Baraka, MD: The Effect of Dexamethasone on Postoperative Vomiting After Tonsillectomy
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 636-640. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Inthis double-blinded, placebo-controlled study, we examined the efficacy of a single dose of dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg IV on posttonsillectomy vomiting and oral intake in children 2-12 yr old. Dexamethasone significantly decreased the incidence of postoperative vomiting during the first 24 h, shortened the time to the first oral intake and the duration of IV hydration, and improved the quality of oral intake and the satisfaction scores of the patients.

Burkhard Simma, René Burger, Markus Falk, Peter Sacher, Timo Torresani, and Sergio Fanconi: The Release of Antidiuretic Hormone Is Appropriate in Response to Hypovolemia and/or Sodium Administration in Children with Severe Head Injury: A Trial of Lactated Ringer’s Solution Versus Hypertonic Saline
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 641-645. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: In head-injured patients, we recommend fluid restriction to avoid inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. In a prospective, randomized, and controlled study in 31 children, we were able to show that the antidiuretic hormone levels are appropriate in response to hypovolemia, sodium load, or both.

Pekka T. Neuvonen and Anton A. van den Berg: Postoperative Coma in a Child with Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I Deficiency (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 646-647. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: We describe prolonged drowsiness proceeding to hepatic encephalopathy in a child with sickle cell trait and carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency. The latter defect of fatty acid metabolism is associated with striated muscle dysfunction and hepatic failure.

Christophe B. Legros, Gilles A. Orliaguet, Marie-Noelle Mayer, Franciane Labbez, and Pierre A. Carli: Severe Anaphylactic Reaction to Cisatracurium in a Child (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 648-649. [Full Text]

ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY:

Hideyuki Higuchi, Yushi Adachi, Hiroki Wada, Masuyuki Kanno, and Tetsuo Satoh: The Effects of Low-Flow Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Anesthesia on Renal Function in Patients with Stable Moderate Renal Insufficiency
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 650-655. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: The serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen data indicate that, for exposures of <130 ppm/h in Compound A inspired area under the curve, renal effects of low-flow sevoflurane are similar to those of isoflurane in patients with stable renal insufficiency.

Yushi U. Adachi, Kazuhiko Watanabe, Hideyuki Higuchi, and Tetsuo Satoh: The Determinants of Propofol Induction of Anesthesia Dose
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 656-661. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: This study demonstrates a significant relationship between cardiac output and the hypnotic dose of propofol. We suggest that anesthesiologists should include cardiac output, as well as age and weight, in calculating the induction dose of propofol.

TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTING, AND SIMULATION:

Thomas M. Hemmerling, Joachim Schmidt, Klaus E. Jacobi, and Peter Klein: Intraoperative Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve During Single-Lung Ventilation in Esophagectomy (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 662-664. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: We describe the use of a surface electrode attached to a double-lumen endobronchial tube to identify and monitor the recurrent laryngeal nerve during esophagectomy in single-lung ventilation. The technique is demonstrated in the case of a patient with carcinoma of the distal esophagus.

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Huei-Ming Yeh, Li-Kuei Chen, Ming-Kwang Shyu, Chen-Jung Lin, Wei-Zen Sun, Ming-Jiuh Wang, Martin S. Mok, and Shen-Kou Tsai: The Addition of Morphine Prolongs Fentanyl-Bupivacaine Spinal Analgesia for the Relief of Labor Pain
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 665-668. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: The addition of morphine (150 {micro}g) to intrathecal fentanyl (25 {micro}g) and bupivacaine (2.5 mg) prolongs the duration of labor analgesia duration without increasing adverse effects.

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

Israel Eilig, Maxim Rachinsky, Alan A. Artru, Andrei Alonchin, Vadim Kapuler, Alexander Tarnapolski, and Yoram Shapira: The Effect of Treatment with Albumin, Hetastarch, or Hypertonic Saline on Neurological Status and Brain Edema in a Rat Model of Closed Head Trauma Combined with Uncontrolled Hemorrhage and Concurrent Resuscitation in Rats
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 669-675. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: In previous studies of closed head trauma (CHT) without hemorrhage, giving 20% albumin or 10% hetastarch improved neurological severity scores (NSSs). We hypothesized that these treatments also might be beneficial in CHT plus uncontrolled hemorrhage. We found that giving 10% hetastarch, 20% albumin, 3% saline, or 0.9% saline failed to improve NSS, brain water content, or mean arterial blood pressure.

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Etsuro Nagata, Yasuyuki Kakihana, Kazumi Tobo, Sumikazu Isowaki, and Yuichi Kanmura: The Effects of Olprinone (a Phosphodiesterase III Inhibitor) on Hepatic Vascular Bed in a Porcine Model of Endotoxemia
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 676-680. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Endotoxin is a causative factor in peripheral vascular failure, resulting in a hemodynamic depression that includes a reduction in liver blood flow. The administration of olprinone (phosphodiesterase III inhibitor) improves the liver blood flow circulation in a porcine model of endotoxemia.

Volker Strunk, Klaus Hahnenkamp, Maik Schneuing, Lars G. Fischer, and George F. Rich: Selective iNOS Inhibition Prevents Hypotension in Septic Rats While Preserving Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 681-687. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Sepsis causes hypotension and metabolic derangements partly because of increased nitric oxide. Selective inhibition of nitric oxide produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase enzyme prevents hypotension and attenuates metabolic derangements while preserving the important vascular function associated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation in septic rats.

Nobutaka Kariya, Mitsuo Shindoh, Yukako Hayashi, Masato Nakasuji, Shinichi Nishi, Kiyonobu Nishikawa, and Akira Asada: A Case of Fatal Paradoxical Fat Embolism Syndrome Detected by Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 688-689. [Full Text]

Bruce Ben-David, Vincent C. Stonebraker, Robin Hershman, Christopher L. Frost, and H. Kenneth Williams: Survival After Failed Intraoperative Resuscitation: A Case of "Lazarus Syndrome" (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 690-692. [Full Text]

ECONOMICS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH:

Franklin Dexter, Tong J. Gan, Mohamed Naguib, and David A. Lubarsky: Cost Identification Analysis for Succinylcholine
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 693-699. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: The true cost of succinylcholine is more than 20 times the acquisition cost of the drug. The estimated cost is very sensitive to the risk and cost of patients dying or sustaining brain injury from anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions to succinylcholine.

Peter T-L. Choi, Stephen H. Halpern, Nariman Malik, Alejandro R. Jadad, Martin R. Tramèr, and Bernhard Walder: Examining the Evidence in Anesthesia Literature: A Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 700-709. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: The quality of systematic reviews relating to perioperative medicine was examined systematically and found to be similar in quality to those in other specialties. Adoption of recently published criteria on writing and methods could further improve this type of literature.

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND PAIN MEDICINE:

Mirt Kamenik and Vesna Paver-Erzen: The Effects of Lactated Ringer’s Solution Infusion on Cardiac Output Changes After Spinal Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 710-714. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: We studied the effects of lactated Ringer's solution infusion on cardiac output changes after spinal anesthesia. If the patients received no infusion, cardiac output decreased after spinal anesthesia. However, if the patients received lactated Ringer's solution infusion, cardiac output was maintained.

Enrique Calderón, Antonio Pernia, Pedro De Antonio, Enrique Calderón-Pla, and Luis-Miguel Torres: A Comparison of Two Constant-Dose Continuous Infusions of Remifentanil for Severe Postoperative Pain
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 715-719. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Our study suggests that the use of a constant continuous infusion of remifentanil 0.1 {micro}g{middle dot}kg-1{middle dot}min-1IV is an effective alternative in the treatment of severe postoperative pain.

Ariane Junca, Emmanuel Marret, Georges Goursot, Xavier Mazoit, and Francis Bonnet: A Comparison of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine for Cervical Plexus Block
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 720-724. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Compared with bupivacaine (150 mg), a larger dose of ropivacaine (225 mg) produces comparable features of cervical plexus block but less postoperative analgesia and larger plasma concentrations. There is no reason to favor ropivacaine in such a case.

Tomoki Nishiyama, Laszlo Gyermek, Chingmuh Lee, Sachiko Kawasaki-Yatsugi, Tokio Yamaguchi, and Kazuo Hanaoka: The Analgesic Interaction Between Intrathecal Clonidine and Glutamate Receptor Antagonists on Thermal and Formalin-Induced Pain in Rats
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 725-732. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Combinations of a spinally administered {alpha}2 adrenergic receptor agonist and an a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist or an {alpha}-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor antagonist exhibited potent synergistic analgesia in acute thermal and inflammatory-induced nociception with decreased side effects.

Shuanglin Hao, Osamu Takahata, and Hiroshi Iwasaki: Antinociceptive Interaction Between Spinal Clonidine and Lidocaine in the Rat Formalin Test: An Isobolographic Analysis
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 733-738. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Preformalin administration of intrathecal clonidine and lidocaine dose-dependently produced antinociception in the formalin test. The combination of clonidine and lidocaine, synergistically produced suppression of nociceptive response in the persistent pain model.

Sanaa A. K. Helmy and Ayham Bali: The Effect of the Preemptive Use of the NMDA Receptor Antagonist Dextromethorphan on Postoperative Analgesic Requirements
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 739-744. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: IM administration of preincisional dextromethorphan (120 mg), allowing the use of a larger dose sufficient to block the central sensitization caused by activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, provides preemptive analgesia and has a supportive role in postoperative pain relief, as shown by a significant decrease in 24-h meperidine consumption.

Shung-Tai Ho, Jhi-Joung Wang, Jann-Inn Tzeng, Hang-Seng Liu, Luo-Ping Ger, and Wen-Jinn Liaw: Dexamethasone for Preventing Nausea and Vomiting Associated with Epidural Morphine: A Dose-Ranging Study
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 745-748. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: We conducted a dose-ranging study of dexamethasone for preventing nausea and vomiting within the first 24 h after the administration of epidural morphine. We found that dexamethasone 5 mg was as effective as 10 mg. We recommend the smaller dose for this purpose.

Tohru Ide, Yumi Okitsu, Shino Nehashi, Fumiko Yamamoto, and Takashi Nishino: The Effect of Epidural Anesthesia on Respiratory Distress Induced by Airway Occlusion in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Cats
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 749-754. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Thoracic epidural anesthesia reduced respiratory distress induced by airway occlusion. This effect is most likely caused by the systemic effect of lidocaine, rather than by the reduced afferent information from the chest wall.

GENERAL ARTICLES:

Jean Ayoub, Robert Cohendy, Jacques Prioux, Saïd Ahmaidi, Jean Marie Bourgeois, Michel Dauzat, Michèle Ramonatxo, and Christian Préfaut: Diaphragm Movement Before and After Cholecystectomy: A Sonographic Study
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 755-761. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Cholecystectomy at times results in impaired respiratory and diaphragmatic functions. The techniques currently used to study these repercussions are both laborious and invasive. Our sonographic technique is completely noninvasive and can be used to study diaphragm morphology and movement in real time.

Yoshitaka Fujii, Takuo Hoshi, and Hidenori Toyooka: Colforsin Daropate Improves Contractility in Fatigued Canine Diaphragm
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 762-766. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: Diaphragmatic fatigue is implicated as a cause of respiratory failure in normal subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Colforsin daropate improves contractile properties during diaphragmatic fatigue.

Motohiko Hanazaki, Keith A. Jones, William J. Perkins, and David O. Warner: The Effects of Ethanol on Ca²⁺ Sensitivity in Airway Smooth Muscle
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 767-774. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: In permeabilized airway smooth muscle, ethanol, like volatile anesthetics, inhibits increases in regulatory protein phosphorylation caused by stimulation of the muscle when intracellular calcium concentration is constant. However, unlike volatile anesthetics, ethanol causes a net increase in force through a process not dependent on protein phosphorylation, an action favoring bronchoconstriction.

Jörg M. Engel, Tove Hohaus, Ralph Ruwoldt, Thilo Menges, Imke Jürgensen, and Gunter Hempelmann: Regional Hemostatic Status and Blood Requirements After Total Knee Arthroplasty With and Without Tranexamic Acid or Aprotinin
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 775-780. [Abstract] [Full Text]
Implications: After total knee arthroplasty total blood loss may be kept in a low range if methods such as cemented knee prosthesis and surgical hemostasis are used. In this case aprotinin and tranexamic acid did not cause a significant modulation of fibrinolysis variables or a significant reduction of postoperative bleeding.

CASE REPORTS:

Shigemasa Tomioka, Masaaki Takechi, Naohiro Ohshita, and Nobuyoshi Nakajo: Propofol Is Not Effective for Hyperventilation Syndrome
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 781-782. [Full Text]

Yun-Hou Liu, Jhi-Joung Wang, Ching-Fong Chang, and Chan-Hui Jin: Difficult Tracheal Intubation as a Result of Unsuspected Abnormality of the Temporomandibular Joint
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 783-784. [Full Text]

James D. Chaney and Vance G. Nielsen: Considerations for the Hemophiliac Patient with Inhibitors to Factor VIII
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 785-786. [Full Text]

REVIEW ARTICLES:

Peter J. Pronovost, Sean M. Berenholtz, Todd Dorman, William T. Merritt, Elizabeth A. Martinez, and Gordon H. Guyatt: Evidence-Based Medicine in Anesthesiology
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 787-794. [Full Text]

LETTERS:

Ralph-Thomas Kiefer, Unertl Klaus, Katja Wiech, Niels Birbaumer, Lone Nikolajsen, Hanne Gottrup, Anders G. D. Kristensen, and Troels S. Jensen: The Analgesic Potency of NMDA-Antagonists—A Question of Mechanism-based Use and Timing?
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 795. [Full Text]

Ralph-Thomas Kiefer, Salvatore Sia, Maurizio Bartoli, Antonella Lepri, Osea Marchini, and Paolo Ponzecchi: Eliciting Paresthesias for Peripheral Nerve Block: A Harmful Clinical Standard?
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 795-796. [Full Text]

Jerome M. Klafta: Keep it Simple
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 796-797. [Full Text]

Hernán R. Muñoz, Jorge A. Dagnino, and Brita Larsen: Power Analysis with More than Two Groups
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 797. [Full Text]

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Andrew Ochroch and Alan Jay Schwartz: Airway Management; Volume 38, Number 3 (Summer 2000) of International Anesthesiology Clinics • Hypertext Book of Pulmonary Artery Catheterization • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 2001 92: 798-799. [Full Text]