EDITORIALS:

Joy L. Hawkins and David J. Birnbach

Maternal Mortality in the United States: Where Are We Going and How Will We Get There?
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1-3. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Volker Wenzel, Volker Dörges, Karl H. Lindner, and Ahamed H. Idris

Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Word of Mouth in the Street Versus Science
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 4-6. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Martin W. Dünser, Andreas J. Mayr, Hanno Ulmer, Nicole Ritsch, Hans Knotzer, Werner Pajk, Günther Luckner, Norbert J. Mutz, and Walter R. Hasibeder

The Effects of Vasopressin on Systemic Hemodynamics in Catecholamine-Resistant Septic and Postcardiotomy Shock: A Retrospective Analysis
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 7-13. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In this retrospective analysis, the influence of a continuous infusion of anendogenous hormone (arginine vasopressin) on systemic hemodynamics andlaboratory variables was assessed in patients with vasodilatory shockunresponsive to conventional therapy. Arginine vasopressin was effective inreversing systemic hypotension. However, adverse effects on gastrointestinalperfusion and coagulation cannot beexcluded.

Nikolaos J. Skubas, Benico Barzilai, and Charles W. Hogue, Jr.

Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Is Unrelated To Cardiac Abnormalities Detected By Transesophageal Echocardiography
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 14-19. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Transesophageal echocardiography performed immediately before coronary arterybypass graft (CABG) surgery is not useful for prediction of susceptibility todevelop atrial fibrillation postoperatively. Postoperative atrial fibrillationcommonly occurs after CABG surgery in the absence of preoperative atrialenlargement or Doppler derived functional abnormalities.

Michael J. Griffin, Henry M. Rinder, Brian R. Smith, Jayne B. Tracey, Nancy S. Kriz, Conan K. Li, and Christine S. Rinder

The Effects of Heparin, Protamine, and Heparin/Protamine Reversal on Platelet Function Under Conditions of Arterial Shear Stress
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 20-27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study suggests that protamine reversal of heparin's antiplateleteffect occurs within a narrow window because of the direct antiplateleteffects of protamine. Antithrombin effects may explain the inhibition of shearactivation of platelets by both heparin and protamine. Nonspecific chargeeffects of protamine may explain the inhibition of collagen plateletactivation in the presence of medium shear.

George J. Despotis, Charles W. Hogue, Rao Saleem, Matthew Bigham, Nicholas Skubas, Ioanna Apostolidou, Assad Qayum, and J. Heinrich Joist

The Relationship Between Hirudin and Activated Clotting Time: Implications for Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 28-32. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A modified activated clotting time test system that may be helpful inmonitoring hirudin anticoagulation in patients with heparin-inducedthrombocytopenia during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass isdescribed.

Terese T. Horlocker, Gregory A. Nuttall, Mark B. Dekutoski, and Sandra C. Bryant

The Accuracy of Coagulation Tests During Spinal Fusion and Instrumentation
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 33-38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Patients undergoing major surgery to the spine often acquire a perioperativecoagulopathy. The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin timehad the greatest sensitivity and specificity for predicting bleeding in majorsurgery of the spine. The test values that differentiated normal fromexcessively bleeding patients could be used to guide transfusion therapyduring surgery.

Pirjo H. Manninen, Tong Khee Tan, and Roger M. Sarjeant

Somatosensory Evoked Potential Monitoring During Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with a Stroke
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 39-44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Patients who have had a preoperative stroke may show asymmetry of theircortical baseline somatosensory evoked potential waveforms; however, this doesnot interfere with the ability to use somatosensory evoked potential as amonitor during surgery.

Richard C. Prielipp, Michael H. Wall, Leanne Groban, Joseph R. Tobin, Frederic H. Fahey, Beth A. Harkness, David A. Stump, Robert L. James, Mark A. Cannon, Judy Bennett, and John Butterworth

Reduced Regional and Global Cerebral Blood Flow During Fenoldopam-Induced Hypotension in Volunteers
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 45-52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In awake volunteers with (presumably) intact cerebral autoregulation,fenoldopam-induced hypotension significantly decreased global cerebral bloodflow (CBF). Clinicians should be aware of these pharmacodynamic effects whenchoosing a vasodilator to control blood pressure, especially in situationswhere control of CBF, cerebral blood volume, and intracranial pressure aretherapeutic priorities.

Jessica Medel, Gilles Boccara, Emmy Van de Steen, Michele Bertrand, Gilles Godet, and Pierre Coriat

Terlipressin for Treating Intraoperative Hypotension: Can it Unmask Myocardial Ischemia? (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 53-55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: After administration of terlipressin to treat hypotension related to induction of general anesthesia, profound hypertension occurred in association with myocardial ischemia and occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The authors emphasize cautious use of this drug because of such adverse events.

Spyros D. Mentzelopoulos, John N. Kokotsakis, Constantina N. Romana, and Evangelia A. Karamichali

Intracoronary Thrombolysis and Intraaortic Balloon Counterpulsation for the Emergency Treatment of Probable Coronary Embolism After Repair of an Acute Ascending Aortic Dissection (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 56-59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This report shows that if diffuse coronary thromboembolism is encounteredduring ascending aortic dissection-repair, the option of combiningsingle-bolus, intracoronary thrombolysis with intraaortic ballooncounterpulsation should beconsidered.

Subramaniam Kathirvel, Shivanand Chavan, Virender K. Arya, Iqbal Rehman, Venkatesh Babu, Navin Malhotra, Ishwar Bhukal, and Pramila Chari

Anesthetic Management of Patients with Takayasu’s Arteritis: A Case Series and Review (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 60-65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This case series describes the anesthetic problems and management of patients with pulseless disease.

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Mark Schily, Harry Koumoukelis, Jerrold Lerman, and Robert E. Creighton

Can Pediatric Anesthesiologists Detect an Occluded Tracheal Tube in Neonates?
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 66-70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Hand ventilation of the lungs in neonates has been used to detect changes inrespiratory compliance, but laboratory models have failed to demonstrate itsusefulness. We determined that pediatric anesthesiologists could detect 83% oftracheal tube occlusions in neonates if either the fresh gas flow was 2 L/minor the pediatric anesthesiologist was experienced (>8yr).

Pasquale De Negri, Giorgio Ivani, Ciro Visconti, Paolo De Vivo, and Per-Arne Lonnqvist

The Dose-Response Relationship for Clonidine Added to a Postoperative Continuous Epidural Infusion of Ropivacaine in Children
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 71-76. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The addition of clonidine (0.08-0.12{micro}g{middle dot}kg-1{middle dot}h-1)to a continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine was found to improvepostoperative pain relief in children. No clinically significant signs ofsedation or other side effects wereobserved.

Shinichi Sakura, Noritaka Imamachi, Kousaku Toyota, Atsuko Shono, and Yoji Saito

Spinal Anesthesia with Tetracaine in 7.5% or 0.75% Glucose in Adolescents and Adults
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 77-81. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The influence of age on the characteristics of spinal anesthesia is stillcontroversial. Our results show that adolescents develop blockade moreextensively and quickly than adults after spinal anesthesia with 0.5%tetracaine in 7.5% glucose but not after the 0.75% glucosesolution.

David T. Neilipovitz, Kimmo Murto, Leslie Hall, Nicholas J. Barrowman, and William M. Splinter

A Randomized Trial of Tranexamic Acid to Reduce Blood Transfusion for Scoliosis Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 82-87. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The administration of prophylactic tranexamic acid in patients with scoliosiswho are undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery has the potential to reduceperioperative blood transfusion requirements.

Ira Todd Cohen, Raafat S. Hannallah, and Kelly A. Hummer

The Incidence of Emergence Agitation Associated with Desflurane Anesthesia in Children is Reduced by Fentanyl
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 88-91. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: A dose of 2.5 {micro}g/kg of fentanyl prevents emergence agitation associatedwith desflurane anesthesia in children undergoing adenoidectomy withoutdelaying emergence.

Vorasri Muangmingsuk, Thomas F. Tremback, Sunthorn Muangmingsuk, David A. Roberson, and Nancy E. Cipparrone

The Effect on the Hemodynamic Stability of Varying Calcium Chloride Administration During Protamine Infusion in Pediatric Open-Heart Patients (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 92-95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We conducted a randomized study in 147 pediatric patients undergoingcardiopulmonary bypass to determine when there are any differences inhemodynamic effects if CaCl2 20 mg/kg and protamine 5mg/kg are mixed together and infused over 10 min versus administering half ofthe calcium dose (10 mg/kg) as a bolus followed by a 10-min infusion ofprotamine 5 mg/kg and CaCl2 10mg/kg.

Masahiko Takahashi, Yoshimochi Kurokawa, Hiroaki Toyama, Ryuichi Hasegawa, and Yasuhiko Hashimoto

The Successful Management of Thoracoscopic Thoracic Duct Ligation in a Compromised Infant with Targeted Lobar Deflation (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 96-97. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We describe the successful management of thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation in a 2.5-kg compromised infant by using selective lobar-bronchial blockade. The technique reduces the risk of intraprocedural physiologic impairment, allowing the benefits of otherwise minimally invasive thoracoscopic procedures, even when the conditions of children are severely compromised.

Mary Ellen McCann and Zeev N. Kain

The Management of Preoperative Anxiety in Children: An Update (Review Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 98-105. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA:

Ira T. Cohen, Raafat S. Hannallah, and David B. Goodale

The Clinical and Biochemical Effects of Propofol Infusion With and Without EDTA for Maintenance Anesthesia in Healthy Children Undergoing Ambulatory Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 106-111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The addition of EDTA does not alter the clinical profile of propofol inpediatric ambulatory surgical patients. With or without EDTA, propofol isassociated with a decrease in ionized calcium with no apparent clinicaleffect.

Margarita Coloma, Tianjun Zhou, Paul F. White, Scott D. Markowitz, and John E. Forestner

Fast-Tracking After Outpatient Laparoscopy: Reasons for Failure After Propofol, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane Anesthesia (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 112-115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In this study, although 41%-94% of the patients were fast-track eligibleafter laparoscopic surgery, only 35%-53% of the patients actuallybypassed the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) because of anesthetic-relatedfactors and surgical complications. Residual sedation was the most commonanesthetic-related cause of failure to bypass thePACU.

ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY:

Mark Reeves, David E. Lindholm, Paul S. Myles, Helen Fletcher, and Jennifer O. Hunt

Adding Ketamine to Morphine for Patient-Controlled Analgesia After Major Abdominal Surgery: A Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 116-120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We performed a randomized, controlled trial comparing the use of ketamine andmorphine with morphine alone to relieve pain after major abdominal surgery.Ketamine did not improve pain relief and merely increased sideeffects.

Ralph Lattermann, Thomas Schricker, Ulrich Wachter, Michael Georgieff, and Axel Goertz

Understanding the Mechanisms by Which Isoflurane Modifies the Hyperglycemic Response to Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 121-127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Epidural analgesia combined with general anesthesia prevented thehyperglycemic response to surgery by decreasing endogenous glucose production.The increased glucose plasma concentration in patients receivingfentanyl/midazolam anesthesia was caused by a decrease in whole-body glucoseclearance. The hyperglycemic response observed during inhaled anesthesia withisoflurane was a consequence of both impaired glucose clearance and increasedglucose production.

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Elisabeth Oschatz, Patrick Wunderbaldinger, Fritz Sterz, Michael Holzer, Julia Kofler, Harald Slatin, Karin Janata, Philip Eisenburger, Alexander A. Bankier, and Anton N. Laggner

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystanders Does Not Increase Adverse Effects as Assessed by Chest Radiography
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 128-133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Complications related to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPR) are not increased whenCPR is administered by nonmedical personnel, as assessed by chest radiograph.These data may be valuable in motivating laypeople to perform basic lifesupport.

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Sumedha Panchal, Amelia M. Arria, and Snehalata A. Labhsetwar

Maternal Mortality During Hospital Admission for Delivery: A Retrospective Analysis Using a State-Maintained Database
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 134-141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study reports the medical and demographic risk factors associated withmaternal death during hospital admission for delivery by using astate-maintained database. This information could prove useful in the creationof initiatives aimed at decreasing the public health burden associated withmaternal mortality.

Paula F. Moon, Stuart P. Bliss, Lysa P. Posner, Hollis N. Erb, and Peter W. Nathanielsz

Fetal Oxygen Content is Restored After Maternal Hemorrhage and Fluid Replacement with Polymerized Bovine Hemoglobin, but Not with Hetastarch, in Pregnant Sheep
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 142-150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Hemoglobin solutions eliminate many limitations of blood transfusions. Ourresults show that fluid replacement with either blood or a hemoglobinsolution, compared with hetastarch, restored fetal oxygenation in pregnantewes after hemorrhage. If applicable to women, these results suggest apotential for the use of hemoglobin solutions in obstetrics.

Yan-Ling He, Hiroshi Seno, Saburo Tsujimoto, and Chikara Tashiro

The Effects of Uterine and Umbilical Blood Flows on the Transfer of Propofol Across the Human Placenta During In Vitro Perfusion
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 151-156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Uterine and umbilical blood flows are determinant features in controlling theplacental transfer of propofol, and, therefore, changes in these variableswould significantly affect the extent of fetal exposure topropofol.

Chan-Jong Chung, So-Ron Choi, Kwang-Hwan Yeo, Han-Suk Park, Soo-Il Lee, and Young-Jhoon Chin

Hyperbaric Spinal Ropivacaine for Cesarean Delivery: A Comparison to Hyperbaric Bupivacaine
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 157-161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Eighteen milligrams of 0.5% hyperbaric ropivacaine provided effective spinalanesthesia with shorter duration of sensory and motor block, compared with 12mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine when administered for cesareandelivery.

Somrat Charuluxananan, Oranuch Kyokong, Wanna Somboonviboon, Somrat Lertmaharit, Pornswan Ngamprasertwong, and Kandit Nimcharoendee

Nalbuphine Versus Propofol for Treatment of Intrathecal Morphine-Induced Pruritus After Cesarean Delivery
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 162-165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Nalbuphine was superior to propofol for the treatment of intrathecalmorphine-induced pruritus after cesarean delivery.

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

William E. Hoffman, Guy Edelman, Rick Ripper, and Heidi M. Koenig

Sodium Nitroprusside Compared with Isoflurane-Induced Hypotension: The Effects on Brain Oxygenation and Arteriovenous Shunting
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 166-170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We measured brain arteriovenous shunting and tissue oxygen pressure(PtO2)during a 40% decrease in blood pressure induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP)or 3% isoflurane. Large-dose isoflurane maintainedPtO2 withno change in shunting. SNP infusion decreasedPtO2 50%and increased shunting 50%. This suggests that SNP-induced hypotensiondecreasesPtO2because of a decrease in capillaryperfusion.

Rachel K. Tibble, Keith J. Girling, and Ravi P. Mahajan

A Comparison of the Transient Hyperemic Response Test and the Static Autoregulation Test to Assess Graded Impairment in Cerebral Autoregulation During Propofol, Desflurane, and Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 171-176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: When compared with the established test of static autoregulation, thetransient hyperemic response test provides a valid method for assessing gradedimpairment in cerebral autoregulation.

Hiroki Iida, Mami Iida, Motoyasu Takenaka, Akiyoshi Oda, Masayoshi Uchida, Hisayoshi Fujiwara, and Shuji Dohi

The Effects of Alpha-Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Milrinone on Pial Vessels During Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Rabbits
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 177-182. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Although {alpha}-human atrial natriuretic peptide (HANP) and milrinone each havea direct vasodilator effect on cerebral pial arterioles, their systemicadministration at clinical doses could have different effects andblood-brain-barrier disruptive conditions could alter the response of pialvessels to HANP, but not to milrinone.

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA:

Andrea Casati, Guido Fanelli, Paolo Beccaria, Luca Magistris, Andrea Albertin, and Giorgio Torri

The Effects of Single or Multiple Injections on the Volume of 0.5% Ropivacaine Required for Femoral Nerve Blockade
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 183-186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We evaluated the effects of using a single- or multiple-injection technique onthe volume of 0.5% ropivacaine required to block the femoral nerve. The 95%effective concentration values for producing the same degree of sensory andmotor blockade of the femoral nerve within 20 min after injection were 29 mLafter elicitation of a patella twitch and 21 mL when the three main branchesof the femoral nerve were identified, potentially leading to an importantbenefit for patients receiving peripheral nerve blocks.

Petronella R. M. Janzen, Amanda J. Vipond, Dudley J. Bush, and Philip M. Hopkins

A Comparison of 1% Prilocaine with 0.5% Ropivacaine for Outpatient-Based Surgery Under Axillary Brachial Plexus Block
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 187-191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: This study compares two local anesthetics to determine which is most suitablefor day-stay upper-limb surgery under axillary brachial plexus block.Prilocaine 1% is more suitable than ropivacaine 0.5% because of a moreprolonged duration of action of ropivacaine, although this could be useful inother circumstances.

André Gottschalk, Frank Schroeder, Mike Ufer, Ali Oncü, Hartmut Buerkle, and Thomas Standl

Amantadine, a N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist, Does Not Enhance Postoperative Analgesia in Women Undergoing Abdominal Hysterectomy
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 192-196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Because of no differences in postoperative pain or opioid consumption, weconclude that a preoperative dose of 200 mg amantadine IV fails to enhancepostoperative analgesia in patients undergoing elective abdominalhysterectomy.

Alexander Nemirovsky, Lianhua Chen, Vladimir Zelman, and Ilmar Jurna

The Antinociceptive Effect of the Combination of Spinal Morphine with Systemic Morphine or Buprenorphine
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 197-203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Spinal morphine interacts with systemic morphine or buprenorphine in asupraadditive manner. This mode of interaction most probably results from thesimultaneous activation of spinal and supraspinal antinociceptive systems.Supraspinal structures played a more important role in the antinociceptiveeffect of experimental combinations than structures of the spinal cord.

Xiangqi Li, Martin S. Angst, and J. David Clark

Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Incisional Pain
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 204-209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The chronic administration of opioids followed by abrupt cessation can lead toa state of hyperalgesia. In these studies we demonstrate that the hyperalgesiafrom opioid cessation and from hind paw incision are additive in rats. Wesuggest that failure to take into consideration preoperative opioid use canlead to excessive postoperative pain.

Isuta Nishio, Masaki Sekiguchi, Yasuhiko Aoyama, Shingo Asano, and Akira Ono

Decreased Tensile Strength of an Epidural Catheter During its Removal by Grasping with a Hemostat (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 210-212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Our case suggests that gripping an epidural catheter with a hemostat duringthe removal might result in accidental breakage of the catheter. Todemonstrate the effect of the use of a hemostat, tensile strengths ofcatheters were measured while they were being held with either a stainlesssteel or rubber-sleeved hemostat.

Helge Eilers, Lisa A. Philip, Philip E. Bickler, Warren R. McKay, and Mark A. Schumacher

The Reversal of Fentanyl-Induced Tolerance by Administration of "Small-Dose" Ketamine (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 213-214. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Michael A. Frölich and Donald Caton

Pioneers in Epidural Needle Design (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 215-220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: In this article we discuss the development of epidural needles and thehistorical factors leading to their invention. The most popular needles aredescribed and their inventorsacknowledged.

GENERAL ARTICLES:

Hideyuki Higuchi, Yushi Adachi, Shinya Arimura, Masuyuki Kanno, and Tetsuo Satoh

The Carbon Dioxide Absorption Capacity of Amsorb^® is Half That of Soda Lime
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 221-225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: The CO2 absorption capacity of Amsorb(R) is half that of Medisorb(R) and Sodasorb(R) under clinical low-flow (1 L/min) anesthesia with either a 750-mL Ohmeda ADU compact or a 1350-mL Ohmeda Aestiva 3000 canister.

Christian Keller and Joseph Brimacombe

Resting Esophageal Sphincter Pressures and Deglutition Frequency in Awake Subjects After Oropharyngeal Topical Anesthesia and Laryngeal Mask Device Insertion
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 226-229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Resting gastroesophageal barrier pressure and upper esophageal sphincterpressure are unaffected by oropharyngeal topical anesthesia and laryngeal maskdevices in awake subjects, but deglutition frequency is increased by laryngealmask devices. This may have implications for the incidence of regurgitation inthese situations.

Kazuyoshi Hirota, Hideki Yoshioka, Shizuko Kabara, Tsuyoshi Kudo, Hironori Ishihara, and Akitomo Matsuki

A Comparison of the Relaxant Effects of Olprinone and Aminophylline on Methacholine-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Dogs
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 230-233. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: We compared the relaxant effects of olprinone and aminophylline onmethacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. The relaxant effects ofolprinone are independent of plasma epinephrine, whereas the aminophyllineeffects may be partly caused by an increase in plasmaepinephrine.

Jian-Xin Zhou and Jin Liu

The Effect of Temperature on Solubility of Volatile Anesthetics in Human Tissues
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 234-238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: Volatile anesthetics are often used during hypothermic conditions, and tissuesolubility of volatile anesthetics is an important determinant for the wash-inand washout of the anesthetics in tissue. Tissue/gas partition coefficientsduring hypothermia have implications for understanding the pharmacokinetics ofvolatile anesthetics at hypothermicconditions.

CASE REPORTS:

Masashi Nakagawa, Fujiko Sasakuma, Yoshihiko Kishi, and Osamu Ishikawa

A Successful Monitoring for Intraoperative Calcium Stimulation Test in Complete Resection of Pancreatic Insulinoma
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 239-240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Implications: An intraoperative arterial stimulation, venous sampling method was recently used for resection of insulinoma. In using this technique, some anesthetic concerns complicate the usual management of insulinoma. We suggest methods for solving these problems.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

John J. Henderson

The Implications of Different Failed Endotracheal Intubation Rates
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 241. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Raed S. Abdullah

Restoration of Circulation After Cessation of Positive Pressure Ventilation in a Case of "Lazarus Syndrome"
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 241. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Steve M. Auden

This Little Piggy Went to MRI: The Tale of the Toe Test
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 241. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Matthias Hübler, Rainer J. Litz, D. Michael Albrecht, Paul F. White, and Margarita Coloma

Esmolol is Not an Alternative to Remifentanil for Fast-Track Outpatient Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery • Response
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 241-242. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Peter Zimmermann, B. Steinhübel, and C. A. Greim

Facilitation of Pulmonary Artery Catheter Placement by Transesophageal Echocardiography After Tricuspid Valve Surgery
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 242-243. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Thomas M. Hemmerling, François Donati, and Keith Girling

Video Imaging of the Larynx Needs Careful Evaluation • Response
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 243-244. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Prabhat Tewari

A New Grip to Help During Endotracheal Intubation
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 244-245. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Jeremy Cooper and John Pollard

Cardiac Arrest During Spinal Anesthesia • Response
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 245. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Henning Bay Nielsen, F. S. Larsen, and Per Lav Madsen

Cerebral Oximetry and Hyperbilirubinemia • Response
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 245-246. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Ann M. Showan, Andrew Feit, and Robert N. Sladen

Day Care Anaesthesia • PACU and Anesthesia Management, Volume 12, Number 3 of Problems in Anesthesia • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 247-248. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ERRATA:

Erratum
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 20-27. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Erratum
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 33-38. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

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