EDITORIALS:

Henrik Kehlet and Paul F. White

Optimizing Anesthesia for Inguinal Herniorrhaphy: General, Regional, or Local Anesthesia?
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1367-1369. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Peter Rothstein

Remifentanil for Neonates and Infants: Piano, Piano Con Calma
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1370-1372. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

AMBULATORY ANESTHESIA:

Torben Callesen, Karsten Bech, and Henrik Kehlet

One-Thousand Consecutive Inguinal Hernia Repairs Under Unmonitored Local Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1373-1376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Inguinal hernia repair can be safely performed under unmonitored local anesthesia with infrequent postoperative morbidity and acceptable satisfaction, but intraoperative pain may be a problem.

Jukka V. Valanne, Anna-Maija Korhonen, Ritva M. Jokela, Pirjo Ravaska, and Kari K. Korttila

Selective Spinal Anesthesia: A Comparison of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine 4 mg Versus 6 mg for Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1377-9. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA:

Peter J. Davis, Jeffrey Galinkin, Francis X. McGowan, Anne M. Lynn, Myron Yaster, Mary F. Rabb, Elliot J. Krane, C. Dean Kurth, Richard H. Blum, Lynne Maxwell, Rosemary Orr, Peter Szmuk, Daniel Hechtman, Suzanne Edwards, and Lynn Graham Henson

A Randomized Multicenter Study of Remifentanil Compared with Halothane in Neonates and Infants Undergoing Pyloromyotomy. I. Emergence and Recovery Profiles
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1380-1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The use of ultra-short-acting opioids may be an appropriate technique for infants less than 2 mo old when tracheal extubation after surgery is anticipated.

Jeffrey L. Galinkin, Peter J. Davis, Francis X. McGowan, Anne M. Lynn, Mary F. Rabb, Myron Yaster, Lynn Graham Henson, R. Blum, Daniel Hechtman, Lynne Maxwell, Peter Szmuk, Rosemary Orr, Elliot J. Krane, Suzanne Edwards, and C. Dean Kurth

A Randomized Multicenter Study of Remifentanil Compared with Halothane in Neonates and Infants Undergoing Pyloromyotomy. II. Perioperative Breathing Patterns in Neonates and Infants with Pyloric Stenosis
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1387-1392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Abnormal breathing patterns can follow anesthesia in infants after surgical repair of pyloric stenosis. Occasionally, these patterns can be associated with desaturation. New-onset postoperative apnea was not seen with a remifentanil-based anesthetic.

Allison Kinder Ross, Peter J. Davis, Guy deL. Dear, Brian Ginsberg, Francis X. McGowan, Richard D. Stiller, Lynn Graham Henson, Cameron Huffman, and Keith T. Muir

Pharmacokinetics of Remifentanil in Anesthetized Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery or Diagnostic Procedures
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1393-1401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The pharmacokinetics of remifentanil were studied in children from birth to 18 yr. Remifentanil was found to have age-related changes in clearance and volume of distribution, but not half-life. The increased clearance observed in young infants is in contrast to other opioids.

CARDIOVASCULAR ANESTHESIA:

Stéphane Mouren, Gaertrud De Winter, Sandra P. Guerrero, Christophe Baillard, Michèle Bertrand, and Pierre Coriat

The Continuous Recording of Blood Pressure in Patients Undergoing Carotid Surgery Under Remifentanil Versus Sufentanil Analgesia
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1402-1409. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS:Beat-to-beat recordings of heart rate and blood pressure in patients undergoing carotid surgery revealed that hemodynamic stability was similar with remifentanil or sufentanil anesthesia both during and after surgery. Remifentanil was more effective in limiting the increase in blood pressure associated with intubation without increasing the blood pressure-lowering effect of induction or the blood pressure response to recovery.

Gregory A. Nuttall, James A. Garrity, Joseph A. Dearani, Martin D. Abel, Darrell R. Schroeder, and Charles J. Mullany

Risk Factors for Ischemic Optic Neuropathy After Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Matched Case/Control Study
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1410-1416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Patients with clinically significant vascular disease history or preoperative angiogram may be at increased risk for ischemic optic neuropathy after cardiac surgery, especially if the hemoglobin remains low in the postoperative period.

Mary E. Warner, Mark A. Warner, James A. Garrity, Ronald A. MacKenzie, and David O. Warner

The Frequency of Perioperative Vision Loss
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1417-1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Vision loss and blindness after surgery and anesthesia is a very rare event. In this study, only one per 125,234 patients undergoing noncardiac surgery developed vision loss persisting for longer than 30 days.

Solomon Aronson and Daniel M. Thys

Training and Certification in Perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography: A Historical Perspective (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1422-1427. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Hans-Ulrich Strohmenger, Trygve Eftestol, Kjetil Sunde, Volker Wenzel, Mechthild Mair, Hanno Ulmer, Karl H. Lindner, and Petter A. Steen

The Predictive Value of Ventricular Fibrillation Electrocardiogram Signal Frequency and Amplitude Variables in Patients with Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1428-1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: In patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, successful countershocks will be best discriminated from unsuccessful countershocks by ventricular fibrillation amplitude (3000-ms epoch). At 73% sensitivity, a specificity of 67% was obtained with this variable.

Konrad Schwarzkopf, Torsten Schreiber, Reinhard Bauer, Harald Schubert, Niels-Peter Preussler, Elke Gaser, Uwe Klein, and Waheedullah Karzai

The Effects of Increasing Concentrations of Isoflurane and Desflurane on Pulmonary Perfusion and Systemic Oxygenation During One-Lung Ventilation in Pigs (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1434-1438. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: In an animal model of one-lung ventilation, increasing concentrations of desflurane and isoflurane dose-dependently decreased shunt fraction and perfusion of the nonventilated lung and did not impair oxygenation. The decreases in shunt fraction are likely the result of anesthetic-induced marked decreases in cardiac output and mixed venous saturation.

Åsa Haraldsson, Niels Kieler-Jensen, and Sven-Erik Ricksten

The Additive Pulmonary Vasodilatory Effects of Inhaled Prostacyclin and Inhaled Milrinone in Postcardiac Surgical Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1439-1445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Pulmonary hypertension may cause or aggravate right heart failure. IV vasodilators reduce systemic blood pressure and might thereby further impair coronary perfusion and right heart performance. In the present study of cardiac surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension, selective pulmonary vasodilation without systemic effects was induced by nebulized, inhaled vasodilators.

Edward K. Heres, Jay Charles Horrow, Glenn P. Gravlee, Barbara E. Tardiff, John Luber, Jr, Joel Schneider, Thomas Barragry, and Richard Broughton

A Dose-Determining Trial of Heparinase-I (Neutralase^TM) for Heparin Neutralization in Coronary Artery Surgery (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1446-1452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Heparinase-I (NeutralaseTM) successfully restored activated coagulation time with no adverse hemodynamic events in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in an open-label dose-determining trial.

Atsushi Tsuda, Kenichi A. Tanaka, Catherine Huraux, Fania Szlam, Nobukazu Sato, Koji Yamaguchi, and Jerrold H. Levy

The In Vitro Reversal of Histamine-Induced Vasodilation in the Human Internal Mammary Artery (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1453-1459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Epinephrine only partially reverses histamine-induced vasodilation in human internal mammary arteries, whereas vasopressin, methylene blue, and drugs involved in the inhibition of nitric oxide and prostaglandin generation lead to a complete reversal of the vascular relaxation.

Uli R. Jahn, René Waurick, Hugo Van Aken, Frank Hinder, Michael Booke, Hans G. Bone, Christoph Schmidt, and Jörg Meyer

Thoracic, but Not Lumbar, Epidural Anesthesia Improves Cardiopulmonary Function in Ovine Pulmonary Embolism (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1460-1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Thoracic (but not lumbar) epidural anesthesia was associated with beneficial cardiopulmonary effects during experimental pulmonary thromboembolism in sheep.

Aymen A. Awad, M. Ashraf M. Ghobashy, Robert G. Stout, David G. Silverman, and Kirk H. Shelley

How Does the Plethysmogram Derived from the Pulse Oximeter Relate to Arterial Blood Pressure in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients? (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1466-1471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Statistical comparison was made between measured blood pressure (BP) from arterial line and calculated BP derived from ear pulse oximeter waveform in 10 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Using 62,077 paired readings, the mean difference for systolic BP, mean BP, and pulse pressure between the 2 methods was -2.6, -1.88, and -1.28 mm Hg, respectively.

Mathias Redlin, Joachim Werner, Helmut Habazettl, Wanja Griethe, Hermann Kuppe, and Axel R. Pries

Cariporide (HOE 642) Attenuates Leukocyte Activation in Ischemia and Reperfusion (Special Article)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1472-1479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This study provides evidence that inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange by cariporide (HOE 642) attenuates the postischemic inflammatory response. Leukocyte adhesion and emigration, assessed by in vivo microscopy, were markedly reduced in rat cremaster muscle, possibly because of increased L-selectin shedding of activated leukocytes as demonstrated by flow cytometry.

James D. Chaney, Thomas M. Adair, William A. Lell, David C. McGiffin, and Vance G. Nielsen

Hemostatic Analysis of a Patient with Hereditary Angioedema Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1480-1482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Jonathan H. Waters and Juraj Sprung

Errors During Intraoperative Cell Salvage Because of Inappropriate Wash Solutions (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1483-1485. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Juhan Paiste, Richard J. Bjerke, John P. Williams, Marco A. Zenati, and Gail E. Nagy

Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Under High Thoracic Epidural (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1486-1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ANESTHETIC PHARMACOLOGY:

Xiaoguang Chen, Manxu Zhao, Paul F. White, Shitong Li, Jun Tang, Ronald H. Wender, Alexander Sloninsky, Robert Naruse, Robert Kariger, Tom Webb, and Eve Norel

The Recovery of Cognitive Function After General Anesthesia in Elderly Patients: A Comparison of Desflurane and Sevoflurane
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1489-1494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Desflurane was associated with a faster early recovery than sevoflurane after general anesthesia in elderly patients. However, recovery of cognitive function was similar with both volatile anesthetics.

Elise Sarton, Luc J. Teppema, Cees Olievier, Diederik Nieuwenhuijs, Hans W. D. Matthes, Brigitte L. Kieffer, and Albert Dahan

The Involvement of the µ-Opioid Receptor in Ketamine-Induced Respiratory Depression and Antinociception
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1495-1500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The involvement of the {micro}-opioid receptor system in S(+) ketamine-induced respiratory depression and spinal and supraspinal analgesia was demonstrated by performing experiments in mice lacking the {micro}-opioid receptor and in mice with intact {micro}-opioid receptors.

Kazuo Arakawa, Hideo Takahashi, Shigeki Nakagawa, and Setsuro Ogawa

The Effects of Lidocaine on Superoxide Production and p47 Phox Translocation in Opsonized Zymosan-Activated Neutrophils
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1501-1506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

We report on the effects of lidocaine on superoxide production in opsonized zymosan-activated neutrophils. Lidocaine suppresses superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. This suppression correlates strongly with the suppression of translocation of p47 phox, a new subunit of NADPH-oxidase.

Neal H. Badner, Dave Freeman, and J. David Spence

Preoperative Oral B Vitamins Prevent Nitrous Oxide-Induced Postoperative Plasma Homocysteine Increases
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1507-1510. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The use of nitrous oxide anesthesia increases postoperative homocysteine concentrations and associated myocardial ischemia. This study indicates that a 1-wk course of oral B vitamins can prevent the increase in homocysteine from nitrous oxide, and, by implication, myocardial ischemia as well.

Evan D. Kharasch, Edward J. Frink, Jr., Alan Artru, Piotr Michalowski, G. Alec Rooke, and Wallace Nogami

Long-Duration Low-Flow Sevoflurane and Isoflurane Effects on Postoperative Renal and Hepatic Function
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1511-1520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Postoperative renal function after long-duration low-flow sevoflurane (with Compound A exposures greater than those typically reported) and isoflurane anesthesia were not different, as assessed by serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urinary excretion of protein and glucose. This suggests that low-flow sevoflurane is as safe as low-flow isoflurane, even at long exposures.

David P. Archer, Naaznin Samanani, and Sheldon H. Roth

Small-Dose Pentobarbital Enhances Synaptic Transmission in Rat Hippocampus
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1521-1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Enhanced hippocampal synaptic transmission after exposure to subanesthetic concentrations of pentobarbital persists during drug washout. This finding may help to explain why some patients experience excitation and enhanced pain during emergence from anesthesia.

Jay W. Johansen

Esmolol Promotes Electroencephalographic Burst Suppression During Propofol/Alfentanil Anesthesia
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1526-1531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrated the suppression of cerebral cortical electrical activity after blinded esmolol infusion during propofol/alfentanil anesthesia. A significant lag was noted between infusion and half-maximal effect (12-16 min). Whether esmolol, a metabolite, or a secondary process was responsible for this cortical suppression remains unknown and requires further study.

Gary W. Haber and Ronald S. Litman

Generalized Tonic-Clonic Activity After Remifentanil Administration (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1532-1533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

TECHNOLOGY, COMPUTING, AND SIMULATION:

Timothy B. Gilbert

Cardiac Arrest From Inadvertent Overdose of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Through an Arterial Pressure Line Flush Apparatus (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1534-1536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

ECONOMICS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS RESEARCH:

Amr E. Abouleish, Donald S. Prough, Mark H. Zornow, Johnette Hughes, Charles W. Whitten, Lydia A. Conlay, James J. Abate, and Thomas E. Horn

The Impact of Longer-Than-Average Anesthesia Times on the Billing of Academic Anesthesiology Departments
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1537-1543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We examined the economic impact of longer-than-average anesthesia times on four academic anesthesiology departments in three ways: the estimated loss in revenue under a flat-fee system, the excess operating room sites staffed, and the potential gain in revenue if the surgeries were of average length. These results should be considered both in productivity measurements and strategies for operating room management.

John B. Pollard, Michael W. Brook, and Audrey Shafer

Patient Threats Present an Ethical Dilemma for the Anesthesiologist (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1544-1545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA:

Jonathan Cohen, Jacob Loewinger, Karina Hutin, Jacqueline Sulkes, Avigdor Zelikovski, and Pierre Singer

The Safety of Immediate Extubation After Abdominal Aortic Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Trial
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1546-1549. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: In this prospective randomized study, we compared the outcome of patients undergoing elective aortic abdominal surgery who either were extubated immediately after surgery or after 4 h of stabilization in the intensive care unit. No significant differences were found in the length of intensive care unit or hospital stay, or 28-day mortality between the 2 groups.

Sean J. Pittock, Moses Rodriguez, and Eelco F. M. Wijdicks

Rapid Weaning from Mechanical Ventilator in Acute Cervical Cord Multiple Sclerosis Lesion After Steroids (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1550-1551. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIA:

Hiroki Iida, Hiroto Ohata, Mami Iida, Kiyoshi Nagase, Masayoshi Uchida, and Shuji Dohi

The Differential Effects of Stereoisomers of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine on Cerebral Pial Arterioles in Dogs
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1552-1556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The differential effects of the stereoisomers of ropivacaine and bupivacaine on cerebral pial vessels could, at least in part, depend on their chirality.

Brian M. Leonovicz, Eric A. Gordon, and C. Thomas Wass

Paraneoplastic Syndromes Associated with Lung Cancer: A Unique Case of Concomitant Subacute Cerebellar Degeneration and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1557-1559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

OBSTETRIC ANESTHESIA:

Robert D’Angelo, Laura S. Dean, Greg C. Meister, and Kenneth E. Nelson

Neostigmine Combined with Bupivacaine, Clonidine, and Sufentanil for Spinal Labor Analgesia
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1560-1564. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: Spinal neostigmine 10 {micro}g as an adjunct to spinal bupivacaine, clonidine, and sufentanil produces severe nausea and fails to potentiate analgesia in laboring women.

Hideyuki Higuchi, Yushi Adachi, Shinya Arimura, Masuyuki Kanno, and Tetsuo Satoh

Early Pregnancy Does Not Reduce the C₅₀ of Propofol for Loss of Consciousness
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1565-1569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The C50 of propofol for loss of consciousness in early pregnancy did not differ from that in nonpregnant women, indicating that there is no need to decrease the propofol concentration for loss of consciousness when inducing general anesthesia for termination of pregnancy.

Richard A. Steinbrook and Kodali Bhavani-Shankar

Hemodynamics During Laparoscopic Surgery in Pregnancy (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1570-1571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

PAIN MEDICINE:

Dorien H. Vrinten, Roger A. H. Adan, Gerbrand J. Groen, and Willem Hendrik Gispen

Chronic Blockade of Melanocortin Receptors Alleviates Allodynia in Rats with Neuropathic Pain
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1572-1577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: In this study we demonstrated that continuous intrathecal infusion of the melanocortin-receptor antagonist SHU9119 reduces cold and mechanical allodynia in rats with a chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, a lesion producing neuropathic pain.

J. M. Couto da Silva, J. M. Couto da Silva, Jr., and J. Antonio Aldrete

Body Temperature and Diaphoresis Disturbances in a Patient with Arachnoiditis (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1578-1579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

REGIONAL ANESTHESIA:

Olaf Picker, Achim W. Schindler, and Thomas W. L. Scheeren

Endogenous Endothelin and Vasopressin Support Blood Pressure During Epidural Anesthesia in Conscious Dogs
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1580-1586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We studied in awake dogs whether endogenous endothelin, like endogenous vasopressin, helps to maintain blood pressure during resting conditions and epidural anesthesia. Only vasopressin was specifically activated to support blood pressure during epidural anesthesia, whereas endothelin supported blood pressure to the same extent during epidural anesthesia and during resting conditions.

Yvan Pouzeratte, Jean M. Delay, Georges Brunat, Gilles Boccara, Christine Vergne, Samir Jaber, Jean M. Fabre, Pascal Colson, and Claude Mann

Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia After Abdominal Surgery: Ropivacaine Versus Bupivacaine
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1587-1592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: After major abdominal surgery, thoracic epidural analgesia was more effective with 0.125% bupivacaine than with 0.125% ropivacaine when these two local anesthetics were used in a mixture with 0.5 {micro}g/mL sufentanil. Ropivacaine 0.2% alone was less effective than 0.125% ropivacaine combined with sufentanil.

Rashmi Madan, Neerja Bharti, Dilip Shende, Sudershan K. Khokhar, and Hira L. Kaul

A Dose Response Study of Clonidine with Local Anesthetic Mixture for Peribulbar Block: A Comparison of Three Doses
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1593-1597. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: We studied the effect of the addition of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 {micro}g/kg clonidine to a lidocaine-hyaluronidase mixture on the onset and duration of peribulbar block and perioperative analgesia. A dose of 1.0 {micro}g/kg produced a significant increase in duration of anesthesia and analgesia with minimal side effects.

Jean-Yves Lefrant, Jean E. de La Coussaye, Jacques Ripart, Laurent Muller, Laurent Lalourcey, Pascale A. Peray, X. Mazoit, Antoine Sassine, and Jean-Jacques Eledjam

The Comparative Electrophysiologic and Hemodynamic Effects of a Large Dose of Ropivacaine and Bupivacaine in Anesthetized and Ventilated Piglets
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1598-1605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: A 6 mg/kg ropivacaine dose induced similar hemodynamic alterations as 4 mg/kg bupivacaine. However, bupivacaine altered the variables of ventricular conduction (QRS and His ventricle) to a greater extent.

James R. Hebl, Terese T. Horlocker, Eric J. Sorenson, and Darrell R. Schroeder

Regional Anesthesia Does Not Increase the Risk of Postoperative Neuropathy in Patients Undergoing Ulnar Nerve Transposition
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1606-1611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: The use of regional anesthetic techniques in patients with preexisting neuropathies has been widely debated. Theoretical concerns include the risk of progressive nerve damage from direct needle trauma or local anesthetic toxicity. This investigation, however, supports the safety of axillary blockade in patients with preexisting ulnar neuropathy undergoing ulnar nerve transposition.

Makoto Tanaka, Masayoshi Sato, Tetsu Kimura, and Toshiaki Nishikawa

The Efficacy of Simulated Intravascular Test Dose in Sedated Patients
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1612-1617. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

IMPLICATIONS: To determine whether an epidural catheter is in a blood vessel, an epidural test dose containing 15 {micro}g epinephrine is used. We found that an increase in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in T-wave amplitude seem to be more reliable than a heart rate change for detecting inadvertent intravascular injection of an epinephrine-containing test dose in patients sedated with midazolam and fentanyl.

Anthony R. Brown and G. C. Parker

The Use of a "Reverse" Axis (Axillary-Interscalene) Block in a Patient Presenting with Fractures of the Left Shoulder and Elbow (Case Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1618-1620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

GENERAL ARTICLE:

Philippe Juvin, Guillaume Fèvre, Mohamed Merouche, Thierry Vallot, and Jean-Marie Desmonts

Gastric Residue is Not More Copious in Obese Patients (Brief Report)
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1621-1622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR:

S. K. Malhotra, Amitabh Dutta, and Deepak Kumar

Play Stickers: Pediatric Mask Induction Made Easy
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1623. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Thomas Schricker

A Multimodal Postoperative Rehabilitation Program in Critically Ill Diabetic Patients
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1623. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Peter Lierz, Burkhard Gustorff, and Peter Felleiter

Pain Therapy With Interscalene Local Anesthetic
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1624. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Bruce Gibson and Dennis P. Dimaculangan

Difficult Intubation and Difficult Airway
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1624. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Gregory B. Hammer and Masahiko Takahashi

Selective Bronchial Blockade in Small Infants
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1624-1625. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Gerhard A. Baer

What to Prefer During Jet Ventilation for Endolaryngeal Procedures, Risk of Barotrauma or of Aspiration of Contaminating Material?
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1625. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Serge M. Broka, John W. Berkenbosch, Janet Lam, Randall S. Burd, and Joseph D. Tobias

About the Origin of the PaCO₂/ETCO₂ ratio...
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1625-1626. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Ulrike M. Stamer and Frank Stüber

Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol if Coadministered with Ondansetron
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1626. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Brian Anderson, Dorothee H. Bremerich, and Gerd Neidhart

Acetaminophen Analgesia in Infants
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1626-1627. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

Brian Birmingham

TEE Diagnosis of Mechanical AVR Dysfunction Associated With Biological Glue
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1627-1628. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

R. Peter Alston, Kenji Yoshitani, Masahiko Kawaguch, Hitoshi Furuya, and Norio Kurumatani

Cerebral Oxygenation and Cognitive Decline
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1628. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA REVIEWS:

Practical Fibreoptic Intubation • A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children, 3rd Edition • Books and Multimedia Received
Anesth Analg 2001 93: 1629-1630. [Full Text] [PDF] [Request Permissions]  

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